Учебное пособие для специальностей «Переводческое дело» и«Иностранный язык: два иностранных языка»
жүктеу/скачать 1,38 Mb. Pdf көрінісі
|
New ÐоÑгÑÐ»Ñ Ð.Ð. ÐоÑобие по оÑновам ÑеоÑии изÑÑаемого ÑзÑка
| § 3. The adjective
The OE adjective had the categories of gender (Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter), number (Singular and Plural), and case (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, and, partly, Instrumental. Every adjective could be declined according to the strong and to the weak declension. The strong declension of adjectives differed to some extent from that of the nouns: some case forms of adjectives corresponded to those of the pronouns. So, on the whole, the strong declension of adjectives was a combination of nominal and pronominal forms. E.g.: Singular Masculine Neuter Feminine Nom. ʒōd „good‟ ʒōd ʒōd Gen. ʒōdes ʒōdes ʒōdre Dat. ʒōdum ʒōdum ʒōdre Acc. ʒōdne ʒōd ʒōd 27 Instr. ʒōde ʒōde --- Plural Nom. ʒōde ʒōd ʒōda Gen. ʒōdra ʒōdra ʒōdra Dat. ʒōde ʒōd ʒōda Acc. ʒōde ʒōd ʒōda The weak declension of adjectives did not differ from that of nouns, except in the genitive plural of all genders, which often took the ending „-ra‟, taken over from the strong declension. Singular Plural Masculine Neuter Feminine Nom. blaca „black‟ blace blace blacan Gen. blacan blacan blacan blæcra (blacena) Dat. blacan blacan blacan blacum Acc. blacan blacan blacan blacan Most OE adjectives, just like adjectives in other languages, distinguished between three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative and superlative. The regular means used to form the comparative and the superlative degrees from the positive were the suffixes –ra and –est/ost. Sometimes suffixation was accompanied by an interchange of the root-vowel. The comparatives were declined as strong adjectives; the superlatives rarely took the forms of the strong declension and mostly followed the weak declension. blæc „black‟ earm „poor‟ stronʒ ‘ strong‟ blæcra earmra strenʒra blæcost earmost strenʒest Several adjectives had suppletive forms of comparative and superlative: ʒōd „good‟ betera betst yfel „bad‟ wiersa wierest micel „large‟ māra mæst lȳtel „little‟ lǣssa lǣst жүктеу/скачать 1,38 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
|