songs. Teachers are offered to sing by themselves.
entertainment: films, theatre, video. The content should be really entertaining and then learners will be motivated to make an attempt to understand without any further tasks.
2) Short responses
- obeying instructions. Learners draw pictures or perform actions in response to instructions
- ticking off items
- True / false. Learners can put ticks or crosses or make brief responses or they may keep silent if the statements are true and say ‘No’ if they are wrong
- detecting mistakes. The teacher tells a story making a number of deliberate mistakes. Listeners react by raising their hands or calling out when they hear smth wrong
- Cloze. The listening text has occasional brief gaps represented by silence or some kind of buzz. Learners are to write down what they think is missing. It is easier to speak the text than to listen to a recording because then you can easily adapt the pace of your speech to the speed of learner responses
- guessing definitions. The teacher gives oral definitions of a person, place or thing, learners write down what they think it is.
- Skimming and scanning. Improvised or recorded a not too-long listening text for learners to identify the main idea (skimming) or certain info (scanning)
3) Longer responses - answering questions. Several questions (in a written form) are given in advance and the text provides the answers.
- Note-talking. Learners take notes from a talk
- paraphrasing and translating. Learners rewrite the listening text in different words: either in the same language (paraphrase) or in another (translate)
- summarizing. Learners write a brief summary of the content of the listening passage
- Long gap-filling. A long gap is left, at the beginning, middle or end of a text, learners guess and write down what they think might be missing
4) Extended responses
Here, the listening is integrated with other skills: reading, speaking and writing.
- Problem-solving. A problem is described; learners discuss how to deal with it and write down or present orally a suggested solution
- Interpretation. An extract (a piece of dialogue or monologue) is provided, with no previous info, the listeners try to guess what is going on
