Упр. 2. Назовите значения следующих интернациональных слов:
modem, accumulate, revolutionary, status, molccule, real,
electronic,
collection, principle, arrange, system
Упр. 3. Определите значения выделенных слов по контексту.
1.
Dalton
developed his theory between 1801 and 1808.2. The atomic
hypothesis
appeared long ago. 3. A hypothesis is an
assumption which
explains or correlates the facts. 4. A theory
concerning the structure of
' substanccs is the atomic theory. 5. The periodic law summarizes the
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properties o f elements. 6. A verified idea is
no longer a hypothesis.
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7. Students want to have
deep knowledge in chemistry.
8
. Chemists study
the behaviour of substanccs. 9. By Dalton’s theory an atom was the smallest
particle.
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Слова к тексту:
direct evidence — прямое доказательство; existence — существование;
predict— предсказывать; indivisible— неделимый; size— размер; weight—
вес; shape — форма; test-tube — пробирка; breakthrough — проникнове
ние» прорыв; unrelated — несвязанный; mature— зрелый
!
Text 1 В
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Прочтите текст про себя (контрольное время чтення — 7 минут).
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Dalton’s Atomic Theory
£
One of the foundations o f modem chemistry is Dalton’s atomic theory
«developed between 1801 and 1808. When the atomic hypothesis appeared,
«here was no direct evidence of the existence of atoms. But as time passed,
Scientists found that the assumption of their existence and other assumptions
\conccming their properties and behaviour explain more and more of the
accumulating expcrimantally determined facts of chemistry, and also
^predict other facts successfully. The hypothesis, therefore, gained the status
of a theory.
There were revolutionary changes in chemistry in the last fifty years.
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Chemists found that atoms arc not indivisible particles as Dalton thought,
but consist o f much smaller particles which form the structure of atoms.
They established their sizes, weights and the arrangement of their parts
with high accuracy, as well as the sizes and shapes of molecules and the
internal structure o f crystals. As a result, atoms and molecules arc now as
real as test-tubes. Chemistry has achieved not only a new look, but a major
breakthrough to a deeper level o f understanding. It is now possible to
explain most of the properties of elements and their compounds in terms
o f their electronic, atomic and molecular structures. It is also possible to
predict new properties successfully. Chemistry is no longer a collection of
more or less unrelated facts, but a mature scicncc founded on scicntific
principles which arrange facts in an orderly system.
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Упр. 4. Скажите, совпали ли паши предположения с содержанием
текста: а) полностью; б) частично; в) совсем не совпали.
Упр. 5. Как иначе можно было бы озаглавить этот текст? На сколь
ко тематических частей его можно разделить? Укажите начало и конец
каждой части.
Упр.
6
. Скажите, что говорится в тексте:
1
) о том, как гипотеза об атомном строении вещества стала теори
ей;
2
) об изменении химии как науки; 3) о том, что нужно делать, осно
вываясь на современном уровне знания химии; 4) о том, как характе
ризуется современная химия.
Упр. 7. Найдите в тексте предложения, в которых говорится о том,
как изменилась химия со времен Дальтона, н переведите их на рус
ский язык.
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