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An experimental design was used in order to conduct my small scale Action
Research. First of all, I’ve created a blog at one of the educational blogging
platforms. After changing the design and settings of the blog, I’ve added additional
pages with necessary information. One of the pages was dedicated to announcements
and tasks, where I type different writing tasks for my students. For the purpose of
making the blog more user-friendly and comfortable additional widgets with the links
to online dictionaries and websites were added, as recommended by Kim [9].
Moreover, a widget with video-tutorials about IELTS writing was attached in order to
increase the blog’s popularity.
I’ve invited 11 graders of Nazarbayev Intellectual school in Aktobe to take part
in my Action Research project as at the end of their studies all the students have to
take the IELTS academic examination. Treating participants with an ethic of respect,
protecting their interests, and not putting them at risk were among the main priorities.
The survey was taken on the condition of total anonymity by obtaining an oral
consent from students. Participants of the study were informed that the information
gained from the experiment will not be used for any other purposes and will not be
recorded in excess of what is required.
At the beginning stage only 25 students volunteered to take part in the study.
But later, in general, there were 57 students signed in to participate in blogging to
practice IELTS writing. Their English language proficiency levels varied from
elementary to intermediate level. They were registered to the blog as authors so that
they could easily post entries and leave comments. The tasks were posted on the blog
on a weekly basis and send to participants’ emails. They had to write IELTS writing
tasks on the blog as well as comment other learners’ posts in order to give feedback.
It was suggested for all participants to use nicknames as, from my point of
view, it adds some intriguing part to blogging that would, on its turn, arouse interest
in writing and commenting. Furthermore, being anonymous lets students with lower
language level to be actively involved in writing as well as makes quality of
comments more objective and fair. A study conducted by Lea et al. has illustrated
that anonymity builds an impersonal and task-oriented focus for group interaction as
individuals under anonymity states have lessened concerns about being positively
evaluated by others [12]. Tsikerdekis states that in CMC people using nicknames feel
sense of protection and less restrained, thus actively engage in interaction [13].
Results and discussion
Quantitative and qualitative data for this research paper have been gleaned
from questionnaire, interview, posts and comments that participants left on the blog.
The questionnaires were designed with the help of online poll services and sent to
students’ email addresses. The first questionnaire that was conducted before
blogging, has revealed that listening task is considered to be the most difficult part of
the IELTS test for majority of the students (see table 1).
Table 1.
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Which part of the IELTS academic test is the most difficult for you?
Listening
12
48%
Reading
5
20%
Writing
7
28%
Speaking
1
4%
How often do you practice IELTS writing tasks?
Every day
1
4%
Once in a week
15
60%
Once in a month
5
20%
Never
2
8%
Your variant
2
8%
What prevents you to practice writing tasks more often?
Writing is boring
5
20%
Writing requires too much
thinking
5
20%
I don’t have time
11
44%
Your variant
4
16%
According to the table 1, only 28% of all the respondents answered that writing
tasks are the most difficult for them. As for their frequency of practicing writing, the
study has shown that 60% of learners practice writing once a week, 20% practice
once in a month, and 8% practice once in two weeks, while another 8% never
practice IELTS writing. The main factors of writing tasks’ unpopularity for practicing
were that writing is too much time consuming and requires too much thinking.
As for general outcome of the project, the main aim of the research has not
been completely achieved as participants were highly motivated to write for several
months and didn’t actively take part in blogging during over the time of the study.
Despite the fact that the research lasted for approximately seven months, only 34
essays and 84 comments were posted.
The most active periods were in October and December, when students wrote
the most part of their essays and comments. That was time when students were
mostly free from exams and summative assessment works. But the level of students’
activeness in blogging went down the next month from the start of the study. I could
slightly increase this index in January by inviting several English teachers to check
students’ essays. After participants were told that in addition to other students’
comments they may get professional feedback from anonymously registered teachers,
there was an insignificant rise of students’ involvement in writing.
With the help of the second questionnaire I intended to find out the reasons of
participants’ passive involvement in blogging. According to their responses, the
reasons were lack of time and laziness, which means they weren’t actively involved.
But I assume that participators would post entries regularly if participation was not
voluntary, but obligatory.
Although the research was not fully successful, it cannot be alleged that it is
impossible to motivate students to practice writing IELTS writing tasks through
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blogging. It worth noting that anonymity caused interest in blogging of all
participators including students with lower language levels. Those learners who were
less likely to read their essays in front of the class started to write posts despite
grammar mistakes. The results of the questionnaires (see table 2) and analysis of
comments indicate participants’ very positive attitude towards implementing blogs in
practicing IELTS writing.
Table 2.
What motivates you to practice IELTS writing tasks?
Respondent 1
I want to get high score
Respondent 2
that after one year is EXAM!!!!!!!!
Respondent 3
more interesting topics
Respondent 4
Challenges that they can lead to.When sometimes I realize that in
the future I may not pass IELTS I motivate myself that I should
practice, and often I practice.Furthermore I want to write more on
more interesting topics, about which I do not know, beacause of this
I practice my thinling abilities and obtain more interesting
information.
Respondent 5
if i don`t practice writing,i will lose my chance to be UN student
Respondent 6
high Ielts score :)
What do you think about the idea of using blogs to practice IELTS writing?
Respondent 1
It is very useful and helpful
Respondent 2
It will be useful, but not so efficient as we expect, because anyway
everyone decides on his own what to do. Moreover, most of us used
to procrastinate :)
Respondent 3
I think it is a very effective way to improve our writing skills. First
of all, we share then people will comment and we will know and
learn from our mistakes
Respondent 4
it is easy for concentrate
Respondent 5
It's very helpful for me of course for example i can learn some
linking words and get some good advices. Exactly it's best choice to
develop my skills and own perspective
Respondent 6
I do not exactly, because I do not use it very often, as I have no
time,But if I had time , undouptedly, I would use it.
As it can be seen from the table 2, all the participants that answered to this
question agree that the idea of using blogs to practice IELTS writing is good and it
could work.
The nature of students’ comments on essays looked like criticism, discussion
and advisory comments. That was the key point to arouse interactivity among
participants. Peer-editing and peer-checking lead to interaction between writers.
Authors discussed essays and at the same time made suggestions after they had read
each other’s entries. For instance, the following comment was made by sarancha
(nickname of the student):
-
Oh my gosh! I think it wasn’t necessary to write that you’re an athesit.You
knew that it would attract add attention and generate disputes like these. Or maybe
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you just want to draw the regard and seems like “cool” man,being atheist is steep
nowadays,isn’t it?
miwka: Every moment is dearly. Everybody is value for each other. Everything
is essential part of time. So, enjoy the time, that you have. I was impressed with your
letter. Thank you, Naed Retsehciw for taking us to your world!
Another author under the nickname boombox wrote his suggestion to discuss
the topic:
-
i agree with you about the advantages of wearing uniforms,but i think that
we do not need to create the law
There were other comments criticizing other participants’ essays or points of
view:
Naed Retsehciw: Sorry, but how Kazakhstan can be with ambitions? Can you
explain me?
highscoreofielts: Sorry, but try to write correctly.
sarancha: sorry for my rudeness,but why did u write it? What is your
purpose of writing it?I didn’t catch your idea,u just wrote the content of
it,furthermore u haven’t watched it completely.To my mind,it is really silly(not film,I
mean your act).Please,try to write something useful for our mind,while you are
writing.
To recapitulate above mentioned findings, the lack of immediate feedback led
to unpopularity of the blog. More essays and comments were written during the times
of high interactivity among blog users. To my mind, this problem could be solved by
attracting participants into blogging through choosing interesting and disputable
topics or adding more popular audio or video materials as in Kazakhstan blogs are
not so popular among teenagers comparing to social networking websites and chats.
As educational program of Nazarbayev Intellectual school is challenging for students,
they didn’t have time to practice IELTS writings and they published posts and
comments very rarely. I suppose that in Kazakhstani secondary state schools students
could be more often involved blogging. Implementing blog platforms that provide
mobile versions could possibly encourage students to visit the blog more frequently.
Another effective solution could be inviting experts in IELTS writing for blogging as
some learners prefer consulting experts rather than their peers and teachers.
Conclusion
Although the main goal of the research has not been reached completely, it
doesn’t mean that blogs cannot be implemented as a medium to encourage learners to
practice writing IELTS writing tasks. This study was an attempt that, however, has
demonstrated the probability of it. I believe that well-organized and clever conducted
further study could prove the use of blogs in increasing learners’ motivation to
practice IELTS writing tasks.
References
1.
T.Mortensen & J.Walker, Blogging thoughts: personal publication as an online research tool.
Researching ICTs in context, 2002.
2.
A.Rezaee & S.Oladi, The effect of blogging on language learners’ improvement in social
interactions and writing proficiency. Iranian Journal of Language Studies, 2(1), 2008.
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2015
3.
H.-J.Wu
& P.-L.Wu,
Learners’ perceptions on the use of blogs for EFL learning.
US-China
Education Review, A3, 2011.
4.
K.Pinkman, Using blogs in the foreign language classroom: encouraging learner independence.
The JALT CALL journal, 1(1), 2005.
5.
H.
Al
-
Fadda
, & M.
Al
-
Yahya
,
Using web blogs
as a
tool
to
encourage pre
-
class reading
,
post
-
class reflections
and
collaboration
in
higher education
. US-China Education Review, 7(7),
2010
.
6.
S.-H.Yang, Using blogs to enhance critical reflection and community of practice. Educational
Technology & Society, 12 (2), 2009.
7.
J. M.Ward, Blog assisted language learning (BALL): Push button publishing for the pupils.
TEFL Web Journal, 3 (1), 2004.
8.
A. I. Fageeh, EFL learners’ use of blogging for developing writing skills and exchanging
attitudes towards English learning: an exploratory study. Journal of Language and Literature, 2(1),
31-48, 2011.
9.
H.N. Kim, The phenomenon of blogs and theoretical model of blog use in educational contexts.
Computers & Education, 51, 2008.
10.
G.Mishne & N.Glance, Leave a reply: An analysis of weblog comments. WWW, 2006.
11.
K.Armstrong & O.Retterer, Blogging as L2 writing: A case study. AACE Journal, 16(3),
2008.
12.
M.Lea, R.Spears
&
D.de Groot, Knowing me, knowing you: Anonymity effects on social
identity processes within groups. Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 27(5), 2001.
13.
M.Tsikerdekis, The choice of complete anonymity versus pseudonymity for aggression
online. e-Minds: International Journal on Human-Computer Interaction, 2(8), 2012.
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UDC 372.881.1
PROJECT BASED LEARNING AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING
STUDENTS' SELF-STUDY SKILLS
Associate Professor, S. Kerimkulova
Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Түйін
Жобалық әдіс тұлғалық-бағдарлы оқыту бағыттарының бірі ретінде, оқушылардың
біліктілігін әр қырынан дамытуға және өзіндік жұмыс түрлерін орындау дағдыларын
меңгеруге негізделген оқу үрдісінің белсенді әдісі болып табылады. Бұл мақалада жоба
жұмыстарының мазмұндық мәні, оның негізгі түрлері мен басты сипаттары қарастырылады,
сонымен қатар, «Іскери ағылшын тілі» курсының оқу бағдармаласымен үйлестірілген
«Жетістік тарихы» атты жоба негізінде аталмыш әдісті қолдану тәсілдері көрсетіледі.
Тілдерді оқыту үрдісінде жобалық әдісті қолдануға қатысты оқытушыларға көмек ретінде
автордың зерттеу тәжірибесі бойынша практикалық кеңестері де беріледі.
Резюме
Проектная методика одно из направлений личностно - ориентированного обучения,
базирующегося на активном вовлечении обучающихся, которое позволяет им развить ряд
различных умений и навыков, включая навыки самостоятельной работы. Эта статья
раскрывает сущность, основные характеристики и типы проектных работ, а также
демонстрирует использование этой методики на примере проекта «История успеха»,
интегрированного в учебную программу курса делового английского. Даются также
некоторые практические советы, основанные на опыте работы автора, которые могут оказать
пользу учителям при использования проектной методики в обучении языкам.
Introduction
The current educational reform in higher education in Kazakhstan is aimed at
providing the modern markets with highly qualified specialists capable of thinking in
an independent manner, able to come up with creative solutions for challenging tasks
and able to respond adequately to the changing conditions of real-life professional
environment.
This requires transfer from teacher-centered teaching approach to student-
centered one and orientation on active methods of knowledge acquisition in
education. One of the most effective ways of involving students in the learning
process and developing their self-study skills is project based learning which
promotes meaningful student engagement into language and content learning. By
integrating project work into language instruction we create such a learning
environment that promotes active student engagement, stimulates higher order
thinking skills, develops self-study skills and makes students feel responsible for the
outcome of their learning process.
This paper aims to show the notion, primary characteristics and types of project-
based learning (PBL) and illustrate how it can be integrated into language instruction
on the example of a business “Success story» project integrated into the syllabus of
Business English course. The types of projects and the illustrative example are
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derived from the experience of the author in implementing them in English language
instruction at Kazakh-British Technical University (KBTU). The ideas presented here
might be adapted by language teachers to enhance their classroom instruction and see
that such kind of project based learning can be fun, inspiring, challenging,
pedagogically valuable, and more importantly, beneficial for both teachers and
students.
Project based learning and its primary characteristics
Project based learning (PBL) is an instructional approach that was introduced
into the field of language teaching nearly two decades ago as a student-centered
teaching (Hedge, 1993). Since then, PBL has become a popular pedagogy at various
levels and in various contexts and has been described by a number of researchers
(Beckett (2002), Fried-Booth (2002), Gibbes and Carson (2014), Haines (1989),
Janjua (2013), Lee (2002), Polat(2000) and Kocheturova (2007), Sheppard and
Stoller (1995), Stoller (1997), Tsiplakides and Fragoulis (2009).
In the context of learner-centred teaching and learner autonomy, a project may
be defined as a ‘long-term activity that involves a variety of individual or cooperative
tasks’ involving planning, research, and reporting (Beckett 2002, 54). Fried-Booth
(2002, 6) describes the approach as ‘student-centred and driven by the need to create
an end-product’. Project based language learning (PBLL) is characterized by the use
of authentic language (Fried-Booth 2002), and promotion of language learner
autonomy (Little 2007). Another strength of PBLL is the development of non-
linguistic skills in research and collaborative work (Moulton and Holmes 2000). It
also promotes learner autonomy through emphasis on group work and learner choice
(Tsiplakides and Fragoulis 2009), and supports the use of the target language for real
communicative needs (Hedge 1993).
By most of its advocates project based learning is viewed "not as a replacement
for other teaching methods" but rather as "an approach to learning which
complements mainstream methods and which can be used with almost all levels, ages
and abilities of students" (Hadgraft 2004, 1). Although each of these researchers has
approached project work from a different perspective, project based learning, in its
various configurations, shares the following features as stated by Stoller (1997):
1.
It focuses on content learning rather than on specific language targets. Real-
world subject matter and topics of interest to students can become central to
projects.
2.
It is student centered, though the teacher plays a major role in offering support
and guidance throughout the process.
3.
It is cooperative rather than competitive. Students can work on their own, in
small groups, or as a class to complete a project, sharing resources, ideas, and
expertise along the way.
4.
It leads to the authentic integration of skills and processing of information from
varied sources, mirroring real-life tasks.
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5.
It culminates in an end product (e.g., an oral presentation, a poster session, a
bulletin board display, a report, or a stage performance) that can be shared with
others, giving the project a real purpose. The value of the project, however, lies
not just in the final product but in the process of working towards the end
point. Thus, project work has both a process and product orientation, and
provides students with opportunities to focus on fluency and accuracy at
different project-work stages.
6.
It is potentially motivating, stimulating, empowering, and challenging. It
usually results in building student confidence, self-esteem, and autonomy as
well as improving students' language skills, content learning, and cognitive
abilities. The focus is on developing students’ self-study skills.
These features of project based learning make it an appealing approach to
language instruction, a versatile tool for fully integrated language and content
learning, making it a viable option for language teachers working in a variety of
language instructional settings including General English, Business English, and
English for Specific Purposes.
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