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4. Read the text.
We can take great pleasure in merely looking at art, just as we take pleas-
ure in the view of a distant mountain range or watching the
sun set over the
ocean. But art, unlike nature, is a human creation. It is one of the many
ways we express ourselves and attempt to communicate. A work of art is the
product of human intelligence, and we can meet it with our own intelligence
on equal footing.
The understanding of process –
the how – often contributes quite a lot to
our appreciation of art. If you understand why painting in watercolor may be
different from painting in oil, why clay responds differently to the artist’s
hands than does wood or glass, why a stone building has different structural
needs than one made of poured concrete – you will have a richer appreciation
of the artist’s expression.
Knowing the place of a work of art in history –
what went before and
came after – can also deepen your understanding. Artists
learn to make art
by studying the achievements of the past and observing the efforts of their con-
temporaries. They adapt ideas to serve their own needs and then bequeath
those ideas to future generations of artists. The more you know about this
living current of
artistic energy, the more interesting each work of art will
become. For example, Matisse assumed that his audience would know that
Venus was the ancient Roman goddess of love. But he also hoped that they
would be familiar with one Venus in particular,
a famous Greek statue known
as the “Venus de Milo”. Knowing the Greek work deepens our pleasure in Ma-
tisse’s version, for we see that in “carving” his Venus out of a sheet of white
paper he evokes the way a long-ago sculptor carved her out of a block of
white marble.
An artist may create a specific work for any of a thousand reasons. An
awareness of the
why may give some insight as well. Looking at Van Gogh’s
“The Starry Night”
, it might help you to know that Van Gogh was intrigued by
the belief that people journeyed
to a star after their death, and that there they
continued their lives. The tree that rises so dramatically in the foreground of
the painting is a cypress, which has often served as a symbol of both death
and eternal life. This knowledge might help you to understand why Van
Gogh felt so strongly about the night sky, and what his painting might have
meant to him.
But
no matter how much you study, Van Gogh’s painting will never
mean for you exactly what it meant for him, nor should it. An artist’s work
grows from a lifetime of experiences, thoughts, and emotions; no one else
can duplicate them exactly. Great works of art hold many meanings. The
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greatest of them seem to speak anew to each generation and to each attentive
observer. The most important thing is that some works of art come to mean
something for
you, that
your own experiences, thoughts, and emotions find a
place in them, for then you will have made them live.
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