ЛИТЕРАТУРА
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Баранова Л. А. О папарации, стингерах и таблицах // Русская речь. 1998. №4.
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Величко А.Р. О «русскости» русского языка наших дней // Русская речь. 1995. №6.
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Горожанкина Л. В. Предлагаем бизнес-организаторы из натуральной кожи //
Русская речь. 1999. № 3.
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Дровникова Л. Н. Приоритет и альтернатива // Русская речь. 1998. №5.
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Дунаевская О. В. Фразы, подброшенные в воздух..., или Несколько советов
публицистам //Русская речь. 1997. № 1.
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Карпинская Е.В. Всё о ваучере // Русская речь. 1993. № 1.
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Карпинская Е. В. Границы транспарентные или прозрачные? // Русская речь. 1992.
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Катлинская Л.П. Из актуальной лексики // Русская речь. 1993. № 2–6.
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Подчасова С. В. Брокеры, дилеры и другие посредники // Русская речь. 1994.
№5-6.
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19.
Подчасова С. В. Новые слова «адвертайзинга» // Русская речь. 1995. №2.
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Старкова Н. В. Имидж // Русская речь. 1992. № 5.
ТҮЙІНДЕМЕ
Серікова Т.С.,
студент,
Егізбаева З.С.,
аға оқытушы, ғылыми жетекші
(Алматы қ., Қазақ мемлекеттік қыздар педагогикалық университеті)
ОРЫС ТІЛІНЕ ШЕТЕЛ ТІЛІНЕН ЕНГЕН СӨЗДЕР
Мақалада орыс тіліне шетел тілінен енген сөздердің мағынасы жайлы айтылған. Тіл
үздіксіз даму үстіндегі үрдіс екені белгілі. Жаңа сөздер экономикалық, саяси және мәдени
байланыстарға байланысты енеді. Шетел тілінен енген сөздің мағынасы оқырманға немесе
тыңдарманға түсінікті болуы керек. Оқырман қауымға басқа тілден енген сөздерді
қолданғанда олардың анықтамасы берілуі керек.
Түйін сөздер: шетел тілі, кірме сөздер, мәдениет құраушылары, қоғамдық мәдениет,
бұлтару.
Казахский государственный женский
педагогический университет Вестник №3(51), 2014 г.
66
SUMMARY
Serikovа T.S.,
student,
Egizbaeva Z.S.,
senior teacher, scientific supervisor
(city Almaty, Kazakh State Women’s Teacher Training University)
BORROWED WORDS IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
It is known that the language is in constant motion, that its evolution is closely linked to
the history and culture medium of the language. In modern conditions the course of language
evolution is strongly influenced by the influx of foreign words in our language rushed through
gateways provided to them by life itself. The process of excessive borrowing of foreign words
can lead to loss of identity of the Russian language.
Foreign words should be clear and accessible
to the reader or the listener. If a new word is borrowed recently and have not yet hit the
dictionaries to be adequately understood, writer must give descriptive interpretation of the word
in the article, report or lecture intended for a wide audience.
Keywords: foreign language, borrowed words, culture, identity, popular culture,
disowned.
UDC 821.11
INFLUENCE OF SMS ABBREVIATIONS UPON THE LANGUAGE:
PRONUNCIATION AND SPELLING OF THE WORDS IN ENGLISH, KAZAKH AND
RUSSIAN
Sh.K. Shameyeva,
English language
teacher, master
(city Almaty, Kazakh State Women’s
Teacher Training University)
Abstract: In Modern English many new abbreviations, acronyms, initials, blends are
formed because the tempo of life is increasing and it becomes necessary to give more and more
information in the shortest possible time. Nowadays exist 3 types of abbreviations: 1. Graphical
abbreviations- shortening of words and word- groups only in written speech while orally the
corresponding full forms are used: e.g. for example, i. e. - that is, No – number, ect. 2. Lexical
abbreviations - classified according to the part of the word which is clipped (beginning ar ending
of the word): copter (helicopter), disco (dicotheque), expo (exposition) etc. 3. Initial
abbreviations - the bordering case between graphical and lexical abbreviations, they are closer to
graphical abbreviations because orally full forms are used, e.g. J.V. - joint venture
Keywords: abbreviation, SMS, spelling, pronunciation, parasite words.
In the process of communication words and word-groups can be shortened. From the
course of Modern English Language Lexicology we know that one of the productive ways of
word formation is abbreviation. Abbreviation of words consists in clipping a part of a word. As a
result we get a new lexical unit where either the lexical meaning or the style is different form the
full form of the word. In such cases as «fantasy» and «fancy», «fence» and «defense» we have
different lexical meanings. In such cases as «laboratory» and «lab», we have different styles. The
causes of shortening can be linguistic and extra-linguistic. By extra- linguistic causes changes in
the life of people are meant. In Modern English many new abbreviations, acronyms, initials,
blends are formed because the tempo of life is increasing and it becomes necessary to give more
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67
and more information in the shortest possible time. Nowadays exist 3 types of abbreviations: 1.
Graphical abbreviations- shortening of words and word- groups only in written speech while
orally the corresponding full forms are used: e.g. for example, i. e. - that is, No – number, ect. 2.
Lexical abbreviations - classified according to the part of the word which is clipped (beginning
ar ending of the word): copter (helicopter), disco (dicotheque), expo (exposition) etc. 3. Initial
abbreviations - the bordering case between graphical and lexical abbreviations, they are closer to
graphical abbreviations because orally full forms are used, e.g. J.V. - joint venture.[1].
This way of word building is famous among youth nowadays. You shouldn’t be surprised
because abbreviation is the most popular way of communication used by teenagers. Especially it
is used as a tool of communication in the process of conveying information through the SMS.
SMS are the abbreviations of Short Message Services and is a protocol that has been
standardized for short messages delivery from mobile telephones it can be up to 160 characters
of length. [2] SMS has been popular in Europe and parts of Asia since 1991. Europeans are said
to pass more than two billion text messages across cell phone networks each month. [3] SMS is
one of the functions of modern mobile phones which became inseparable part of our life. This is
the cause of developing such new style of communication with its own language. We call this
language – SMS language. The main questions are, is it harmless to our language to use SMS
abbreviations? What is the leading consequences of using SMS abbreviations?
SMS language (also known as chatspeak, txt, txtspk, texting language or txt talk) is the
English language
slang
used in
mobile phone
SMS
. It is an abbreviated form of English similar
to a
rebus
. With
predictive text
input increasingly being used, it is becoming less common. This
type of
language
has been alleged to not obey or follow standard English
grammar
; furthermore,
the words used in the writing system can't be found in standard
dictionaries
. The invention of
mobile phone messages may be considered as its source, although
elliptical
styles of writing
dating back to at least the days of
telegraphese
.
It is similar to Internet slang and Telex speak, and has evolved from the shorthand use in
Internet chat rooms to accommodate the small number of characters allowed (early SMS
permitted only 160 characters and some carriers charge messages by the number of characters
sent), and as a convenient language for the small keyboards on mobile phones.
The objective of SMS Language is to use the fewest number of characters needed to convey a
comprehensible message. Hence,
punctuation
and grammar are largely ignored.[4]
SMS language is used in all three languages, English, Russian and Kazakh. You can see it in the
table-1 below.
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68
Table 1– The same ways of words or letters replacement in English Russian and Kazakh
languages
English language
SINGLE LETTERS CAN REPLACE WORDS
Are
r
You
u
Why
y
SINGLE DIGITS CAN REPLACE WORDS
Ate
8
For
4
To, too
2
A SINGLE LETTER OR DIGIT CAN REPLACE A SYLLABLE
ate becomes 8, so: activate
activ8
great
GR8
later
l8r or l8a
For or Fore becomes 4, so: before
b4
therefore
th4
Orr becomes or, so: Sorry
Sry
Tomorrow
2moro, 2mro, 2mr, 2m
Russian language
SINGLE DIGITS CAN REPLACE WORDS
Я
Example:
9
9 prishla. (mostly its written like this: 9 priwla)
LETTERS CAN BE REPLACED BY ENGLISH LETTERS ACCORDING TO THE
PHOBETIC PRONUNCIATION
Ю
Example:
U
Ya tebya lublu (with the mixture of the first replacement it can
be written like this: 9 teb9 lublu)
LETTERS CAN BE REPLACED BY NUMBERS ACCORDING TO THEIR PHONETIC
PRONUNCIATION
Ч
Example:
4
4to delaesh? or 4to delaew?
Ш
Example:
6
U menya vse horo6o. or U men9 vse horo6o
LETTERS CAN BE REPLACED BY LATIN LETTERS ACCORDING TO THEIR
GRAPHICAL SIMILARITIES
Я
Example:
9
9 seichas podoidu. or 9 sei4as priwlu smskoi.
Ш
Example:
W
Priwla v wkolu a tut nikogo bol’we netu.
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Kazakh language
LETTERS CAN BE REPLACED BY LATIN LETTERS ACCORDING TO THEIR GRAPHICAL
SIMILARITIES
Ш
Example:
W
Bugin bizdin uige kelwiw. Kewke seni Wyngys ekeuimiz
wygaryp salamyz.
CHARACTERS AND PUNCTUATION ARE REMOVED TO SHORTEN MESSAGES:
Vowels are removed such
that
the
sequence
of
consonants remain and the
word is still recognisable.
LANGUAGE
EXAMPLES
ENGLISH
between becomes btwn and yearbook becomes yrbk.
RUSSIAN
Привет becomes прв, Спасибо becomes спс
KAZAKH
Сәлем becomes слм
Қалайсын? becomes Қалйсн?
Punctuation
may
be
removed;
only
question
mark and exclamation marks
are generally used. The
space and capital letter is
often omitted after a period.
ENGLISH
Hi how r u?wat r u doing? Im ok just come from school
waiting u in the evening
RUSSIAN
Прв как ты?4то дел?Жду тя вечером
Чн, мест. Что-нибудь.
Если долго делать чн, и это чн не очень получается,
в итоге надоедает.
Дгвр, гл. Сокр. от «договорились». Завр, нареч.
Сокр. от «завтра».
Ок, дгвр, до завр
KAZAKH
Слм калйсн?келш бугн әнгме айтайк
“/” signifies abbreviation
ENGLISH
«w/» for with and «s/t» for something.
RUSSIAN
Тя, shortened from «тебя».
Видала, как она на тя посмотрела?
KAZAKH
к/к shortened from керек
маган оның телефон нөмері к/к боп тур.
Other transcriptions of slang
or dialect terms can be used
if shorter than the original
words
ENGLISH
cos with fewer letters than because
RUSSIAN
Пжлста, частица. Сокр. от «пожалуйста».
Захвати, пжлста, лекции.
Мб, мод.слово. Сокр. от «может быть».
Мб серв снова пропылесос или?))
Now let’s dwell on the question how do SMS shortenings effect upon our language?
We can confidently say that abbreviations which we use during sending messages have a
great influence upon our language. Especially it is a cause of bad spelling.
Let’s have a look into following examples: again we will work with three languages
English, Russian, Kazakh.
In Russian: Пжлста, Shortened from «пожалуйста». For example: Захвати, пжлста,
лекции. In this case such kind of shortening lead to sad consequence, because person who
usually uses such kind of abbreviation forget how to write this word in a right way. The same
with the greeting word: ЗДР abbreviated from «здравствуйте». Research shows that 3 of 10
respondents who always shortened this words can not write it in right way. When we asked them
to write this word on a sheet of paper they wrote it like this: «пажалуста», «здрасти».
Казахский государственный женский
педагогический университет Вестник №3(51), 2014 г.
70
The same problem can derived from SMS shortenings in English: people can forget
spelling of the simple word «Please» because of using abbreviation «Plz».
Research shows that nearly in all SMS which was written in Kazakh language person who
is writing this message miss the vowels «ы» and «і», for instance he wrote: мен жай отырмн -
while it must be отырмын, or the other sample: жанаг жгт км? - while it must be жанағы жігіт
кім?, блтр шгам деп жур ед го? - while it must be былтыр шығамын деп жур еді ғой?
In this case we can see that SMS abbreviations can make bad influence upon written
language.
Then what about our speech, does it have any influence upon it or no? Of course it has.
And the main is that parasite words appear in our speech, consequently it leads to damage of the
language. What do we mean? Firstly, as nowadays nearly every second person knowы such
simple English words like thanks, sorry, hi, please, etc. people started to use this words during
their speech in their mother tongue. For example:
Маған өткендегі көйлегіңді бір күнге бере тұршы, pls! in this case speaker used the
word please (by the way she used short form of this word pls) while her speech is in native
language, the same in the following sample:
HI! Are you-ың қалай? Thanks көйлекті әкелгеніңе! Again speaker used word of English
origin during her speech. The same can be noticed in Russian language: ландо, я пошел, buy!
We can say that this mentioned words are parasites which spoil the language and make it less
colorful and less liberated.
So what is the relation between word abbreviation and SMS, that is both of them means
shortening. But we can call abbreviation as an equipment of SMS, because it is used in order to
make your messages shorter and in order to economize the space in SMS, as we know from the
abovementioned extracts that SMS can be up to 160 symbols, that is why shortening in the
process of conveying information is so important.
It is obvious that coin has two sides: front and backside, so using SMS abbreviations has
two sides good and bad. Firstly, about good sides, using this language economize our time,
because it’s quicker to write message with the help of shortenings, also it is beneficial for our
balance, we can input much more information in one message if we shorten the words.
Secondly, about disadvantages of frequently using such kind of shortcuts. Shortening users get
used to abbreviated words and forget the right form of some words which is difficult to write:
Пжлста shortened from «пожалуйста», ЗДР abbreviated from «здравствуйте», and
Заре’гиться from the word «зарегистрироваться» in Russian language, the same in English:
Anything - NTHING, please –plz, thank you – thnx, etc. In Kazakh language: каз барам – қазір
барамын, бгн сонг кн болу к/к – бүгін соңғы күн болу керек, etc.
Also it can lead to spoiling of native language, because words-parasites appear in the
speech. For example, people start to mix two or more languages: Hi! Қалайсың? Мен кеше
сенің құттықтауыңды алып қуанып қалдым. Thanks ұмытпағаның үшін. Or they can mix
Russian with English: привет! Sorry, что опаздал! Buy, завтра увидимся!
To conclude I would like to say that it is good that we are acquainted with such a productive way
of word formation like abbreviation, but we shouldn’t forget about such notion like «measure»
and try not to be abuse with using it, and try not to spoil your speech and your native language
with shortenings.
REFERENCES
1.
Smirnitsky A.I. Лексикология английского языка. – М., 1956.
2.
http://www. answers. Com/library/dictionary.
Қазақ мемлекеттік қыздар
педагогикалық университеті Хабаршы №3 (51), 2014 ж.
71
3.
Cormos J. Speech production and language acquisition. Lawrence Erlbaum associates,
2006.
4.
Baron N. Alphabet to E-Mail: How writing English involved and were its heading.
London rout ledge, 2000.
ТҮЙІНДЕМЕ
Шамеева Ш.Қ.,
магистр, ағылшын тілі оқытушысы
(Алматы қ., Қазақ мемлекеттік қыздар педагогикалық университеті)
СМС ҚЫСҚАРТУЛАРДЫҢ ТІЛГЕ ӘСЕРІ: СӨЗДЕРДІҢ АҒЫЛШЫН,
ҚАЗАҚ ЖӘНЕ ОРЫС ТІЛДЕРІНДЕ АЙТЫЛУЫ МЕН ЖАЗЫЛУЫ
Берілген мақалада қысқартылған сөздерге анықтама беріліп, олардың түрлері
айтылып, мысалдар берілген. Сонымен қатар қазіргі уақытта жастар арасында жиі
қолданыстағы СМС хабарламалардағы қысқартулардың ағылшын, орыс және қазақ
тілдеріндегі ерекшеліктері мен олардың ауызекі және жазбаша тілге әсері баяндалған.
Түйін сөздер: қысқарған сөздер, СМС, орфография, дыбысталу, жаргон сөздер.
РЕЗЮМЕ
Шамеева Ш.К.,
магистр, преподаватель английского языка
(г. Алматы, Казахский государственный женский педагогический университет)
ВЛИЯНИЕ СМС СОКРАЩЕНИЙ: ПРОИЗНОШЕНИЕ И НАПИСАНИЕ
СЛОВ НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ, КАЗАХСКОМ И РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ
В данной статье дается определение аббревиатуре. Даются примеры на виды
сокращений. Также рассказывается об особенностях и влияний часто используемых СМС
аббревиатур на английском, казахском и русском языках среди молодежи.
Ключевые слова: сокращенные слова, SMS, орфография, произношение, слова –
жаргоны.
Казахский государственный женский
педагогический университет Вестник №3(51), 2014 г.
72
ОҚЫТУ ӘДІСТЕМЕСІ
МЕТОДИКА ПРЕПОДАВАНИИ
TEACHING OF METHODOLOGY
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