The purpose and objectives of the study: in the first samples of the riddle that arose in connection with the way of life, labor and working conditions of ancient people, subsequently shrouded in the life of the people, enclosed together with a centuries-old life, occupying a new content, a new theme in the process of its formation and development. Unlike other forms of oral literature, the riddle was to grow, increase and accumulate discoveries generated by historical epochs. In any case, the riddle was used by the working people as a fleeting word, wit, wit. At the same time, the educational, striving for knowledge of the ignorance of the riddle was perfectly understood by the people. Therefore, the mystery occupies a special place in the daily life of the people.
The riddle is one of the traditions of every nation. M. Auezov noted the special place of the riddle in his work concerning the riddle in early Kazakh customs, saying: "sometimes a whole fairy tale is born out of a riddle. "I don't know," he said, "I don't want it to be like that. A long time ago, a mysterious test of wisdom, running around, was practiced." This is an opinion based on historical reality.
If our main goal is to reveal the poetics of riddles, then its real natural existence will depend on the specifics of creating a riddle. We know that many Kazakh fairy tales had content or were a mystery that solved the essence of many stories in them. This is evidenced by "the old man's commandment to his son","The Old Man and the witty guy","tales of Santa Claus". Also in the early days, girls who chose a husband said, "immerse only the guy who solved my riddle," using the riddle as an artistic comparison, as a test of the guy's mind. "I don't know," he said. The poets who participated in the aitys not only observed each other's poetic art. "I do not know," he said, "I do not know what it is. And now in some countries there are mysterious plot psalms. For example, the tragic story of the ancient Greek people about King Oedipus from the riddle (the Sphinx wrote: "what was four-legged in the morning, two-legged in the afternoon, three-legged in the evening?), and described many cases, starting with a riddle.
And all this suggests that riddles were of great importance in oral literature. From this point of view, the main task of the work will be to study the history of the study of riddles, their thematic division, correlation with other genres of oral literature and the disclosure of artistic riddles.