Образования
Keywords: biological fertilizers, drugs, rice, stress resistance, germination energy, productivity, antidepressant. Introduction
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| Keywords: biological fertilizers, drugs, rice, stress resistance, germination energy, productivity, antidepressant.
Introduction. The main and strategic task of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan is to increase grain production and ensure the country’s food security. Therefore, the accelerated and sustainable development of the grain industry and the diversification of crop production is the primary task of the country’s agro-industrial complex. The leading direction of the development of agriculture in the conditions of the main rice-growing region - the Kazakhstani Aral Sea region is the sustainable development of rice growing and increasing grain yield [Vessey J.K., 2003.; Bhattacharyya P.N. and. Jha D.K., 2012; Biswas J.C., Ladha J.K., Dazzo F.B., Yanni Y.G., and Rolfe B.G., 2000] Rice is a very ancient culture of the Asian continent and is the most important food crop in the world. This crop is cultivated in 112 countries on an area of more than 147 million hectares and the gross grain harvest in recent decades has amounted to more than 750 million tons. Due to the application of complex, integrated technologies for rice cultivation and with strict adherence to them in the conditions of Australia and Egypt, the average grain yield was 102.9; 93.7 c / ha, in the USA - 81.1 c / ha, in Turkey - 79.3 c / ha, in China 65 - 68 c / ha (on an area of over 32 million hectares). However, in many countries such a high yield of rice grain on a large area, including the Kazakhstani Aral Sea region, is not so easy to have [Bottini R.F., Cassán and Piccoli, P.Gibberellin, 2004; Bockman O.C., Kaarstad O., Lie O.H., Richards I., 1997]. The current critical environmental situation in the Kazakhstani Aral Sea region is forcing rice growers to reduce the area of irrigated rice land. Therefore, increasing the yield of rice grain is an urgent task. The solution to this problem is associated with a deep and all-inclusive study of the role of microfertilizers in the system of rice fertilization in the conditions of the Kazakhstani Aral Sea region. In 2018, employees of Y. Zhakhaev Kazakh Scientific-Research Institute of Rice Cultivation, as well as Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda State University, a study of modern technologies of mineral nutrition of rice, based on the application of diagnostic methods for soil, water and plants in the Karaultubinsky OPH of Kyzylorda region, was carried out. Nitrogen (N) is the main nutrient, required for plant growth and development. The search for an environmentally pure and economical substitute for nitrogen fertilizers is currently focusing on the endophytic diazotrophic bacterias, which were thought to be responsible for providing biologically fixed nitrogen N. [Dobbelaere S., Vanderleyden J., Okon Y., 2003; Hakeem K.R., Ahmad A., Iqbal M., Gucel S., Ozturk M.,2011] The need for the prevention of stress and disease requires the improvement of fundamental technological methods, aimed at creating conditions for optimal satisfaction of the biological needs of cultivated plants, as well as operational methods to control the processes of their growth, development and formation of immunity. The problem of preserving and restoring soil fertility under conditions of intensive crop cultivation technologies, which often leads to ecological destabilization of agrocenoses and, as a consequence, to economic instability of the economy, is very acute [Vessey J.K., 2003; Bockman O.C., Kaarstad O., Lie O.H., Richards I., 1997]. Biological drugs and microfertilizers for plant protection are not an environmentally dangerous alternative to chemical (synthetic) pesticides. The replacement of chemical pesticides with biologicals in agriculture and forestry is not happening as fast as one might expect. The possibilities of immunizing of treated plants and the subsequent reduction of the infection of crops and planting of various crops with a number of infections transmitted with seeds, through the soil, and also by airborne droplets have been proved [Hakeem K.R., Chandna R., Ahmad A., Iqbal M., 2012; Kennedy I.R., Cocking E.C., 1997.] In this regard, in 2016-2019 years, studies were carried out using data from biological microfertilizers and the drug in the field on the territory of Y.Zhakhaev Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Rice Cultivation. When bacilli in the composition of Fitop 8.67 are applied to the plant surface or into the soil, they are included in the rhizospheric or epiphytic microflora of plants, a certain modification of the environment occurs, which is beneficial both for plant health and for the health of animals and humans, consuming plant food [Biswas J.C., Ladha J.K., Dazzo F.B., Yanni Y.G., and Rolfe B.G. (2000); Bottini R.F., Cassán and Piccoli, P.Gibberellin. (2004)]. Nacle Biological fertilizer is an environmentally pure liquid fertilizer, designed to preserve and protect of nature and ecosystem without harming wild birds and livestock. жүктеу/скачать 2,01 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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