Three different types of reduction are noticed in English.
1. Quantitative reduction, i.e. shortening of a vowel sound in the unstressed position, affects mainly long vowels, he [hi: - hi]
2. Qualitative reduction, i.e. obscuration of vowels towards [ǝ, I, u] affects both long and short vowels, can [kæn – kǝn]
Vowels in unstressed structural words in most cases undergo both quantitative and qualitative reduction, to [tu: - tu – tǝ]
3. The third type is the elision of vowels in the unstressed position, I’m up already
Transcribe the following words, paying special attention to the location of the stress and to the vowels in the unstressed syllables.
Hopeless, epoch, paragraph, effective, artillery, generally, compare, staircase, solicitor, parallel
Transcribe the sentences; pay special attention to the unstressed structural words.
Did you enjoy your day in Brighton yesterday?
Is that man at the door of your room her father?
MODIFICATION OF CONSONANTS IN CONNECTED SPEECH
The complete articulation of a speech sound consists of three stages:
The on-glide stage
The hold stage
The off-glide stage
Speech sounds are seldom pronounced in isolation, they are used in combinations with other sounds in connected speech. In the process of speech the organs of speech are moving continuously and the sounds mostly merge one into another. Very often the off-glide of the preceding sound served as the on-glide of the following sound.
In connected speech sounds are influenced by combinative and positional changes. Most of the changes are combinative, thus means that the sounds lose their articulation peculiarities and gain on the other hand the articulatory features of a neighbouring sound.
Assimilation is a process of alteration of speech sounds as a result of which one of the sounds becomes fully or partially similar to the adjoining sound.
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