К.А. Невматулина
ЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО ФИНАНСОВОГО ЦЕНТРА
ГОРОДА АЛМАТЫ В КАЧЕСТВЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ФИНАНСОВОГО ЦЕНТРА............................................250
Г.Б. Молдабаева
ВЕНЧУРНОЕ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВО КАК ФИНАНСОВЫЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТ
ПОДДЕРЖКИ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ................................................................................................254
А.С. Ким
НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ НАЛОГООБЛОЖЕНИЯ МАЛОГО И СРЕДНЕГО
БИЗНЕСА В КАЗАХСТАНЕ....................................................................................................................................................256
С. М. Сагиден
НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ НАЛОГОВОЙ
ПОЛИТИКИ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ..............................................................................................................................................258
А.М. Тусупов
БАНК КАК СРЕДСТВО ГАРМОНИЗАЦИИ ИНТЕРЕСОВ.............................................................................................261
Г.Т. Чынарова
КӘСІПОРЫНДАРДЫ БІРІКТІРУ ҰҒЫМЫ ЖӘНЕ
ЭКОНОМИКАЛЫҚ СЕБЕПТЕРІ .....................................................................................................................................264
СЕКЦИЯ 4. НАУКА И ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ В РАЗВИТИИ
ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНО-ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ
Юрасова И.О.
ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ФОРМЫ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ СТУДЕНТОВ:
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В ПРЕПОДАВАНИИ УЧЕТНЫХ ДИСЦИПЛИН В ВУЗАХ................................................................267
Т.А. Ханов
ИННОВАЦИЯ КАК СПОСОБ ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ
РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ......................................................................................................................................................................272
Байкенова Г.Г.
МЕДИКО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКАЯ И СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПОДДЕРЖКА ДЕТЕЙ
С ОГРАНИЧЕННЫМИ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЯМИ..................................................................................................................274
М.Р.Амирбекова, Г.К.Рахимжанова
ЗАМАНАУИ ОҚЫТУ ЖҮЙЕСІНДЕГІ СТУДЕНТТЕРДІҢ ӨЗДІК ЖҰМЫСТАРЫН
ҰЙЫМДАСТЫРУДЫҢ МАҢЫЗЫ МЕН ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ...........................................................................................276
ВЕСТНИК КЭУ: ЭКОНОМИКА, ФИЛОСОФИЯ, ПЕДАГОГИКА, ЮРИСПРУДЕНЦИЯ
10
Д.Г. Мамраева, В.Ю. Дубровская
ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ КАК ФАКТОР ПОВЫШЕНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА
ПРЕДОСТАВЛЕНИЯ ГОСТИНИЧНЫХ УСЛУГ...............................................................................................................279
Мамраева Д.Г., Охман К.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ПЛАТНОГО ИНТЕРНЕТ-КОНТЕНТА
В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КАЗАХСТАНЕ.........................................................................................................................................282
Мусин А.Т., Жетимекова Г.Ж.
РАСПОЗНАВАНИЕ ОБРАЗОВ В СРЕДЕ MATLAB.........................................................................................................285
А.М. Омаров, Ж.Т. Есендаулетова
МЕТОДИКА ГРАФИЧЕСКОГО АНАЛИЗА ЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТИ
ОПТИМАЛЬНОГО РЕШЕНИЯ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ЗАПАСА ИНГРЕДИЕНТОВ..............................................288
Н.С. Газизова
ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫНЫҢ ӨНДІРІСТІК -ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ ДАМУЫНДАҒЫ
ЭКОНОМИКАЛЫҚ БІЛІМ БЕРУДІҢ МАҢЫЗЫ..........................................................................................................290
Кусаинова А.К.
ПРАВОВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ЧАСТНОГО
ПАРТНЕРСТВА .......................................................................................................................................................................292
Қосжанов А.С., Копбулов Р.А., Шокбарова А.М.
ҚҰҚЫҚТЫҚ МЕМЛЕКЕТ БОЛАШАҒЫНЫҢ ЖАҢА ЭКОНОМИҚАЛЫҚ
ҚАТЫНАСТАРЫНДАҒЫ АДАМ КАПИТАЛЫНЫҢ МӘДЕНИ ОРНЫҒУЫ..............................................................296
Б.Ш.Сарсембаев
ҚАРЖЫ САЛАСЫНДА ЖАСАЛАТЫН ҚЫЛМЫСТАРДЫҢ
КРИМИНАЛИСТИКАЛЫҚ СИПАТТАМАСЫ....................................................................................................................298
Зуева Л.И., Шукушева Е.В.
ИСТОРИЯ И СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ
ШКОЛЬНОГО ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ................................................................300
А.Х. Феткулов
РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЕ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВО ПО УНИФИКАЦИИ
И ГАРМОНИЗАЦИИ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА
В СФЕРЕ ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНО-ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ КАЗАХСТАНА................................................303
К.Ж.Исабекова
ҚАЗАҚ ТІЛІ САБАҒЫНДА ДАМЫТА ОҚЫТУ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯСЫН
ҚОЛДАНУДЫҢ ПСИХОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ...................................................................................................306
Б.У. Сейтхожин
ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНО-ИННОВАЦИОННОГО
РАЗВИТИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН........................................................................................................................308
А.Е. Боранбаева
ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ ИНСТИТУТА МЕДИАЦИИ КАК ШАГ ВПЕРЕД
В РАЗВИТИИ ПРАВОВОЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОСТИ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ..........................................................................310
А.К.Дюсембекова
ЭКОНОМИКАЛЫҚ ЖҮЙЕ ДАМУЫНДАҒЫ ОРНЫҚСЫЗДЫҚ
ПЕН БАСҚАРУДЫ МОДЕЛЬДЕУДІҢ АҚПАРАТТЫҚ ЖҮЙЕСІН ЖАСАУ АЛГОРИТМІ......................................312
Сулейменов А.Р., Кокенова Г.Т.
КАЧЕСТВО ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ПОДГОТОВКИ
КОНКУРЕНТНОСПОСОБНЫХ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ.......................................................................................................316
Кокенова Г.Т.
ИНТЕРНАЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИЯ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ
КАК КЛЮЧЕВОЙ ФАКТОР РАЗВИТИЯ БОЛОНСКОГО ПРОЦЕССА В КАЗАХСТАНЕ........................................319
Асенова А.Т., Налыбекова А.А.
ПАБЛИК РИЛЕЙШНЗ КАК ЭФФЕКТИВНОЕ СРЕДСТВО ПРОДВИЖЕНИЯ.............................................................321
3 (25) • 2012
11
Г.Б. Қаржасова
САЛЫҚТЫ ТӨЛЕУДЕН ЖАЛТАРУҒА ЖОЛ БЕРМЕУДІҢ
АЛДЫН АЛУ ШАРАЛАРЫ.................................................................................................................................................324
Т.Н. Таравкова
РОЛЬ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В РАЗВИТИИ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА КАЗАХСТАНА.....................................327
Д. Т. Дакпиртова
INVESTIGATING FACTORS INFLUENCING SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,
ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS SUBJECT CHOICE USING
DATA FROM THE LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN ENGLAND..........................................................330
Ж.М. Жартай
ҚАЗІРГІ ЗАМАНҒЫ ЭКОНОМИКАДАҒЫ БІЛІМ БЕРУ
ЖҮЙЕЛЕРІНІҢ ЖАҢА РОЛІ.............................................................................................................................................334
Серикова Г.С.
К ВОПРОСУ О РАЗВИТИИ СТРАХОВОГО РЫНКА
РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН..............................................................................................................................................336
ВЕСТНИК КЭУ: ЭКОНОМИКА, ФИЛОСОФИЯ, ПЕДАГОГИКА, ЮРИСПРУДЕНЦИЯ
12
Колесников Ю.Л.,
доктор физико-математических наук, профессор,
проректор Санкт-Петербургского национального
исследовательского университета информационных
технологий, механики и оптики (НИУ ИТМО),
ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ И ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ГОЛОВНЫХ (БАЗОВЫХ) ВУЗОВ
УНИВЕРСИТЕТА ШАНХАЙСКОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА ПО
НАПРАВЛЕНИЮ IT-ТЕХНОЛОГИИ
Университет Шанхайской Организации
Сотрудничества (Университет ШОС, УШОС)
- сетевой университет, международная об-
разовательная програм ма на территории
Азии. УШОС образован в 2008 году, в 2009
году сформирован его состав из 53 ведущих
унив ерситетов стран-участниц ШОС. Д ля
Рос с ийс кой Ф едерации У Ш ОС поз воляет
сохранять лидирующие позиции основы си-
стемы образования на Евразийском конти-
ненте в целом.
УШ ОС явля етс я азиатским проектом-
аналогом с ис темы Единого Европейского
Образовательного Пространства, создавае-
мого (в том числе по инициативе России) в
рамках "Болонской трансформации систе-
мы образования". Рабочими языками Уни-
верситета ШОС являются русский, китайс-
кий и английский.
В Российской Федерации по направле-
ни ю I T-т ех нол оги и У Ш ОС ра бо таю т н е-
сколько университетов: Новосибирский го-
сударственный университет (НГУ ), Астра-
х ан с к ий г ос уд ар с т в ен ны й ун ив ер с и те т
(АГУ), Санкт-Петербургский национальный
исследовательский университет информа-
ционных технологий, м еханики и оптики
(НИУ ИТМО), а также Оренбургский госу-
дарственный институт менеджмента (с 2011
года) и Московский государственный уни-
верситет экономики, статистики и информа-
тики (МЭСИ) (с 2012 года).
Ос нов ным дос тиж ением деятельнос ти
головных (базовых) вузов УШОС за прошед-
ший период явилось установление деловых
отношений в уз ов -партнеров и, как с лед-
ствие, согласование учебных планов по на-
правлениям подготовки студентов, в первую
очередь, в магистратуре. В результате про-
веденной работы уже в 2010 году был осу-
ществлен первый набор студентов из вузов-
партнеров Казахстана, Кыргызстана, Тад-
жикистана в российские вузы по совместным
образовательным программам магистрату-
ры.
В качестве "пилотного" проекта в 2010
году в российские вузы поступили 42 чело-
века (Казах стан - 36, Кыргызстан - 4, Тад-
жикистан - 2). "Траектории" обучения этих
студентов были различны. Часть обучалось
два года в рос сийском вуз е и получили в
2012 году диплом только российского вуза-
партнера. Часть студентов обучалась по схе-
ме "1+1" и получили диплом только нацио-
нального университета. Кроме того, часть
студентов выполнили все требования обуче-
ния по двудипломному образованию и по-
лучили дипломы и российского, и нацио-
нального университета.
Так, например, в НИУ ИТМО в 2010 году
поступили 10 человек на направления под-
готовки 230100 "Инф орматика и вычисли-
тельная техника" и 230400 "Информацион-
ные системы и технологии". Все они в 2012
году завершили обучение, причем кроме
российских дипломов 4 студента получили
дипломы Казахского национального техни-
ческого университета им. К.И. Сатпаева и 3
человека - Казахского экономического уни-
верситета им. Т. Рыскулова.
В 2011 и 2012 годах прием на обучение
г ра ж д ан г ос уд ар с т в Ш ОС в р ос с и йс ки е
вузы-партнеры был продолжен.
В качестве опыта, накопленного за этот
период, можно отметить, что формирова-
нию " п рав ильной тр аектории" об учения
студента по программам "двойных дипло-
мов" является тесный контакт между кафед-
рами, одна из которых направляет студен-
та на обучения в другой вуз, а другая при-
нимает его на обучения. Как показывает наш
опыт обяз ательным я в ля етс я наз начение
двух соруководителей магистерской диссер-
тации уже на начальном этапе обучения сту-
дента в вузе-партнере.
Понятно, что совместная деятельность
вузов-партнеров - это долгострочный про-
ект. Но уже первые положительные резуль-
таты взаимодействия университетов различ-
ных государств ШОС говорят о правильнос-
ти выбранного пути, который будет расши-
ряться и в последующие годы.
3 (25) • 2012
13
Dr. Laszlo VASA PhD.
Dr. h.c., Prof. h.c., Dr. habil., professor
Viktor, DARABOS
PhD student
Nikoletta KELEMEN-HENYEL
master student
Szent Istvan University, Faculty
of Economics and Social SciencesHungary
SYSTEM AND EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL INCENTIVES FOR INNOVATION -
A CASE STUDY FROM HUNGARY
Introduction
Over the past two decades, Hungary has made
very significant progress in building a market-
oriented, competitive economy which is fully
integrated into the European Union (EU) and the
world economy at large. In the process of EU
enlargement, Hungary has moved closer to the
core of the European market. New specialisation
patterns have emerged, as reflected by the
fastgrowing exports of manufactured goods, and
their shift towards higher skills and quality.
Investment by multinational enterprises (MNEs)
that have located production plants in Hungary
has been a key factor in the restructuring of the
productive sector towards more technologically
advanced activities.
Hungary has made remarkable progress in a
relatively short time. Over the past two decades
the Hungarian economy has been transformed
into a functioning market economy and the
institutional framework for sustaining it has been
established. The process of European integration
- culminating in Hungary's accession to the
European Union - has strengthened the
institutional framework. In fact, Hungary scores
satisfactorily among OECD countries on a number
of basic institutional indicators (OECD, 2008). The
economy has also become tightly integrated in the
global economy. For example, according to the
KOF Index of Globalisation (Dreher et al., 2008) -
which provides a synthetic measure of economic,
social and political globalisation - Hungary is
among the world's 15 most globalised countries
and ranks as high as eighth in the economic
dimension of globalisation. Hungary has
committed to join the euro area.
Hungary's GDP per capita is still around 60%
of the EU level. (KSH, 2009) This gap mainly reflects
lagging labour productivity, while lower labour
utilisation accounts for the much smaller
remaining difference. In addition, the performance
of comparable neighbouring countries indicates
that Hungary does not fully realise its economic
potential, owing to unstable macroeconomic
conditions and structural factors.
Some forms of innovation have played an
important role in explaining the robust growth
of total factor productivity since the 1990s; these
include the adoption of market institutions and
related firm-level organisational change, as well
as the importation, through foreign direct
investment (FDI), of best production and
marketing practices. However, at this stage,
Hungary's ability to base a further rise in
productivity on a new generation of sustained
innovations appears limited, as its innovation
performance is generally judged to have remained
well below its potential. Many of the standard
innovation performance indicators confirm that
the overall level of innovation activity is low and
innovation based on research and development
(R&D) even weaker. Hungary exhibits some
features of a "dual economy". On the one hand, it
has large, often foreign-owned companies, which
are well integrated in international production,
distribution and, in some cases, R&D and
innovation networks, but not always well
connected to the rest of the Hungarian innovation
system. On the other, there is a large sector of
domestic firms, notably small and medium-sized
enterprises (SMEs) characterised by low
productivity and insufficient innovation
capabilities, which typically operate in local
markets with relatively unsophisticated demand.
In spite of some encouraging developments (e.g.
the emergence of sophisticated suppliers in the
automotive industry and of some dynamic
research based firms), the quasi-absence of highly
innovative medium-sized enterprises leaves a
glaring gap. (Havas, 2007)
Foreign direct investment
FDI serves multiple purposes in the economic
development process. It can potentially play a key
role in the performance of the national innovation
system. Inward FDI acts as a channel of
knowledge flows and, in principle, provides
opportunities for learning in domestic firms and
for establishing innovative regional networks
around
or
involving
foreign-controlled
companies. Outward FDI that links the economy
with knowledge centres and innovation networks
abroad
can
also
play
an
important
complementary role in gaining access to cutting-
ВЕСТНИК КЭУ: ЭКОНОМИКА, ФИЛОСОФИЯ, ПЕДАГОГИКА, ЮРИСПРУДЕНЦИЯ
14
edge information and technology. FDI has
contributed to Hungary's economic growth in
various ways. Foreign-owned manufacturing
firms, for example, have provided access to export
markets through their parent companies. They
have significantly increased their output and have
become major players in the economy. In addition,
their presence helps Hungarian firms learn about
advanced methods and skills in production,
finance and marketing (B?k?s et al., 2006; Halpern
and Murak?zy, 2007). Cross-border diffusion of
technological knowledge is clearly very
important for small countries and especially - as
emphasised by the literature on catching-up
economies - for those that trail behind the
technological frontier.
Sme's innovation capabilities
The share of innovative enterprises is small
in Hungary, and innovation plays only a minor
role in business success for the large majority of
firms, and the share of innovative firms is much
higher among the large firms than among SMEs.
The low overall level of innovation activities
of firms is a serious challenge, especially in the
indigenous SME category. Several EIS indicators,
such as SMEs innovating in-house, innovation
expenditures, sales of new-to-market and new-
to-firm products, the share of early stage venture
capital in GDP and SMEs using organisational
innovation reflect the difficulties. Hungarian SMEs
are close to the lower end of the EU27 by both in-
house and organisational innovation activities.
Firms' innovation capabilities in Hungary are
strongly determined by the fact that 59% of them
considered the lack of demand for new products
as the reason for a passive innovation attitude.
Creating new markets via innovation is usually
not part of SMEs' strategies. The low or missing
market pressure may contribute to a negative
feedback on the innovation capabilities of
companies. In some cases excessive competition
might hinder assuming risks involved in
investing in innovation. The lack of resources
(both internal and external) and the high cost of
innovation were the two reasons most frequently
mentioned as bottlenecks (similarly to their
counterparts in other European countries).
Based on the number of employees the
Hungarian medium-size firms are comparable
with those in the EU. Concerning their output (net
revenues) Hungarian medium-sized firms on
average are lagging behind the range of net
revenues set by the Eurostat and applied to the
classification of the size groups of businesses.
Accordingly, Hungarian medium-sized firms
(with some exceptions, of course) belong to the
small firm categories rather than to the former
size category in the EU.
SWOT analysis - strengths and weaknesses
of the Hungarian innovation system
Hungary's history, geo-political situation,
and cultural and institutional characteristics
show some specific features which have to be
taken into account in an assessment of the current
state of its innovation system and in determining
the feasibility of policy responses to new
challenges and opportunities:
-
Hungary has had a rich and at times
difficult history, with phases of remarkable
success and outbursts of creativity and
entrepreneurship. In the recent past, it has re-
invented itself as a market economy managed by
democratic institutions.
-
It is a small open economy with a
population of slightly more than 10 million which
needs to find an adaptive mode of specialisation
to take advantage of the evolution of European
and world markets.
-
It has a relatively high level of political
centralisation. It has a strong and thriving capital
region around Budapest (central Hungary), and
comparatively high levels of regional disparities,
with some mismatch between the location of
knowledge institutions and of industrial facilities.
-
It has had difficulties in reconciling the
political changes required for democracy with the
need to secure the minimum degree of continuity
necessary for forward-looking,
efficient
management of the economy. Science, technology
and innovation policy is one of the areas in which
evidence-based policy making can generate the
consensus needed to safeguard long-term
strategic investments from short-term policy
turbulence.
-
Hungary has a long tradition of excellence
in science and has produced, notably in the 20th
century, many world-class scientists who have
made significant contributions to extending the
world knowledge frontier in a number of areas.
This has contributed to the social prestige of
science and technology, but nevertheless
additional government efforts are needed to
mobilise the scientific community for economic
goals.
Main strengths
The main strengths of the Hungarian
innovation system include:
-
The legacy of strong and sustained growth
of output and productivity.
-
The overall efficiency of the economy has
increased significantly over the last 15 years.
-
A high degree of openness of the economy.
Within a relatively short time, Hungary has
become one of the world's most "internationalised"
economies and has attracted a sizeable volume of
FDI.
-
Improved framework conditions for
innovation.
Institutions
and
framework
conditions have evolved rapidly and in many
respects now appear to be conducive to
innovation. Competition policies, for example,
have been adapted to comply with EU standards
and made more rigorous. Yet efforts need to be
continued to provide framework conditions that
increase the incentives for firms to respond to
market pressure through innovation, keeping in
mind that good framework conditions are
necessary but not always sufficient for strong
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