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Thinking about changes
Levels
Students
Teacher himself
School
What has changed?
How has it 
changed?
Why has it 
changed?
What is the 
evidence of the 
changes?
Pic. 1
Recommendations on the account on
the implementation the ideas of one module of the Program when planning 
a sequence of lessons
Perhaps, the answers to the following questions might be useful when writing this 
account:
• Why have I chosen this module? Why do I consider important the realization of 
the ideas of this module? Have I substantiated my point of view in response to the 
previous two questions?
• What are my learning outcomes for this module? How will I apply this knowledge 
into my practice?
• What literature regarding to the ideas of this module have I analyzed? Have I 
included references to the theoretical data in my account? Have I expressed my 
own opinion on the listed theoretical material? 
• Have I given practical examples relating to the ideas of this module? Have I 
considered what went well during my practice? Have I reflected on what still 
needs improving? Have I had any obstacles in realization of the ideas of the 
module? Why? How am I going to overcome these obstacles in the future?
• What do I plan for the future in relation to the work within this module? What do 
I want to improve in my practice?
• What conclusions have I made when studying and practically applying the ideas 
of this module?
Recommendations to the report on one lesson out of the sequence
When writing this report, I recommend to pay attention to the following:
• Give a name to your reflective account. For this you may have a look at the 
exemplary content portfolio («School-based tasks»).
• Consider whether you need to specify a class, age, number of students and the 
duration of the lesson you are writing about?
• Try to transform your account into an essay, not a report. For this, avoid traditional 
dry phrases in the beginning of the account, for example: THEME, OBJECTIVES, 
EQUIPMENT. Transform these words into text, filled with meaning. Perhaps the 
answers to the following questions might help: why was such a goal set? why was 
such equipment chosen?
• Consider, what is it, in your opinion, the most important in the lesson? What is 
this? Why is that? Do you mention the answer to this question in your account?
• Think whether you are mentioning the learning outcomes of your lesson in the 
reflective account that you are writing? Have the learning aims and objectives 
been achieved? How did you realize that you have achieved them? What is your 
evidence? Is the evidence valid? Do the learning outcomes relate to the learning 
aims and objectives of the lesson?
• Consider the learning aims and objectives of the lesson: do they fit the acronym 
SMART? i.e. whether they are precise, measurable, achievable at this particular 
lesson?
• Constantly answer the Why? question. What happened after you have done 
something? What has changed? Why did it happen (didn’t happen)? How did you 
react to these changes? Why did you react in that way? What do you plan to do 
in the future? Why?
• The account should include analysis and evaluation - that means your own opinion 
regarding to a particular situation. Make sure that your paper contains such words 
as: I think so ...., I consider this... because ...., I believe that...., In my opinion…, 
etc. 
• DO NOT BE AFRAID to write in simple language!
• DO NOT BE AFRAID to write in the smallest details!
• DO NOT BE AFRAID to write about your mistakes! On the contrary, show that 
you see them, realize that they present in your teaching practice and you know 
how to overcome them!
• Remember that plagiarism is prosecuted by the law!
I hope that the explanations and recommendations offered in the framework of this 
chapter will help you when working on your reflective accounts, and the examples of my 
colleagues’ reflection will contribute into development of your own reflective thinking.


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