Трансформация внешней политики США и Китая

76 
Вестник Карагандинского университета 
UDC 327.3(574) 
N.A. Kassymzhanova
1
, M. Dutta
2 
1
Ye.А. Buketov Karaganda State University; 
2
Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India 
(E-mail: nazie_one@mail.ru) 
Kazakhstan and UNESCO: some aspects of cooperation 
This article considers some aspects of cooperation between Kazakhstan and UNESCO in the field of culture, 
education, science and information. The article also analyzes the activity of Kazakhstan on the implementa-
tion of the provisions of international conventions in the above areas, such as the safeguarding of intangible 
cultural heritage, ratified by Kazakhstan in 2003. The authors assess the work of UNESCO in all fields and 
projects that are implemented in Kazakhstan. 
Key words: UN, UNESCO, Kazakhstan, global development, cooperation, cultural and natural heritage. 
 
Today, Kazakhstan is one of the leading countries in Central Asia on the level of international activity; 
passes a stage of internal socio-economic changes which are reflected in the foreign policy of the country 
[1]. The ambitious task of becoming one of the thirty most competitive countries of the world objectively 
encourages Kazakhstan to greater involvement in the affairs of the international community [2].  
President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev, addressing the participants of the 28
th
 ses-
sion of the General Conference on 15
th
 November 1995, said that over half a century, UNESCO has become 
a reputable international organization, which actively influences the processes of global development. Occu-
pying a central position between Europe and Asia, being the scene of economic and political contacts, Ka-
zakhstan is able to become a link connecting the two great civilizations of East and West. Since independ-
ence, the country is experiencing a spiritual renaissance and is committed to the revival of the cultural tradi-
tions of the Great Silk Road, the spirituality artery, which has left a deep mark in the outlook of Kazakhs. 
However, without the blossoming of national cultures, capable of mutual enrichment, there cannot be a sta-
ble economic development, social progress, democracy and durable peace in the world [3]. 
Kazakhstan, playing a prominent role in the international arena, has managed to transform its position 
from international aid recipient country to a donor country in the twenty years of independence. In Kazakh-
stan, a number of reforms were held in the fields of culture, education, science and information. 
On an ongoing basis in cooperation with the UNESCO Cluster Office in Almaty implemented projects 
for the preservation and promotion of cultural and natural heritage of Kazakhstan. As a result of this interac-
tion «The Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yassaui» (2003), «Petroglyphs within the Archaeological Landscape 
of Tamgaly» (2004), Korgalzhyn and Nauryzum national parks within the category «Sary-Arka — Steppe 
and Lakes Northern Kazakhstan» (2008), «Akzhayik» state nature reserve and «Katon-Karagay» national 
park (2014) included in the UNESCO World Heritage List [4]. 
In early 2013 the National Commission of Kazakhstan on UNESCO and ISESCO jointly with the Chi-
nese and Kyrgyz parties has completed the preparation of the first segment of a serial transboundary nomina-
tion to the UNESCO World Heritage List — «Silk Road: the initial section and the route network of the Tien 
Shan corridor». In the frameworl of first phase has been nominated 8 monuments of Silk Road’s Zhetysu 
segment: Ancient settlements Talgar Kayalyk, Karamergen located in Almaty region and Aktobe, Ornek, 
Kulan, Kostobe, Akyrtas located in Zhambyl region. In February, 2013 nomination dossier was submitted to 
the UNESCO World Heritage Centre (WHC). On June 22, 2014 in Doha, Qatar at the 38th session of the 
UNESCO World Heritage Committee's was taken decision for the inclusion of properties on the World Her-
itage List [5]. 
In order to implement the WHC recommendations for the conservation of the outstanding universal 
value of the World Heritage site — the petroglyphs of Tamgaly in 2013 had developed a feasibility study for 
construction of visit-center in the area of regulation of the reserve-museum building, work has begun on the 
preparation of a management plan for the study, preservation and popularization of this wonderful architec-
tural monument. 
Active work is being done to implement the provisions of the International Convention for the Safe-
guarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003), which was ratified by Kazakhstan. National Committee 
for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) created in 2012 under the National Committee 

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of the Kazakhstan continued its work. As a result of the work done by the Committee the Head of State was 
approved in January 2013 and in April 2013 Government approved the concept of preservation and devel-
opment of ICH of RK designed to be a basic document for the development of comprehensive measures for 
ICH protection, including the identification, documentation, research, preservation, protection, promotion, 
enhancement and transmission through formal and informal education. Also in this period, the order of the 
Minister of Culture approved National list of intangible cultural heritage of Kazakhstan, which originally 
included 45 items. 
At the initiative of UNESCO Cluster Office in Almaty from April 2012 to February 2013 were held se-
ries of sub-regional training on mechanisms for implementation of the International UNESCO Convention 
on the protection of intangible cultural heritage in Kazakhstan. The purpose of these trainings was the train-
ing of national and regional experts on procedures of completion and submission of nominations to the 
UNESCO registries, strengthening regional cooperation on drawing up joint multinational applications, ex-
change of experiences and practices in the field of inventory, protection and promotion of intangible cultural 
heritage in the region. 
However, in the UNESCO country program document for the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2012–2014 is 
noted that Kazakhstan has not yet ratified key international agreements such as the Convention on the Means 
of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property of 
1970 [6; 147–155] and the Convention on the protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expres-
sions of 2005. 
In the field of traditional crafts, UNESCO continues to work with the artisans to establish quality stand-
ards and adapt products to national, regional and international markets, which has an impact on job creation 
for vulnerable groups, especially women and young people through the project of UNESCO and the Korean 
Trust Fund for the development of creative industries in Kazakhstan (2011–2012) [7; 19]. 
In education, Kazakhstan consistently implements global UNESCO program «Education for All» and 
«Education for Sustainable Development». The country is also an active participant of the system of 
UNESCO Associated Schools (ASPnet). Today, under the «UNESCO Associated Schools» project there are 
20 schools, 4 more schools are candidate schools. 3 ASPnet schools of Almaty city are involved in interna-
tional pilot project of UNESCO's «Education for the Future». 
August 21, 2013 in Astana hosted a regional forum dedicated to achieving the Millennium Develop-
ment Goals (MDGs) in the education and development of appropriate development strategy after 2015. 
In the event was attended by the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to education K.Singh, which subse-
quently highlighted results the Forum in his report at the next UN General Assembly session in September 
2013 [8; 10]. 
A very important contribution to the development of cultural and educational programs through the 
youth in the country is making by Kazakhstan National Federation of UNESCO Clubs, which consists of 32 
clubs with more than 3000 active members all over Kazakhstan. Organizing and carrying on a permanent 
basis the various national, regional and international activities of UNESCO Clubs Federation are working on 
inculcation of the country's younger generation high ideals and principles of UNESCO. 
For example, August 22–23, 2013 International Conference «Global Ethics: Save Planet Earth» was 
held in Astana with the support of the National Commission and the World Federation of UNESCO Clubs 
with the participation of renowned experts and UNESCO experts on ethics and intercultural communication, 
education and cultural heritage of Central Asia, the Asia-Pacific region, Europe and America. The outcome 
of the event was the adoption of the Astana Declaration and transference it to the Director General of 
UNESCO I. Bokova for the further promotion of ideas of global ethics within the Organization [9]. During 
the conference, also held an Extraordinary Executive Council of the Asian Federation of UNESCO Clubs 
(AFUCA), where one of the topics of discussion was the opening AFUCA Delegation in Kazakhstan. 
In the Republic of Kazakhstan project «Children are painting the world» was launched in 1999. The ini-
tiative, announced by the Director-General of UNESCO, has been highly successful: the number of 
UNESCO Clubs, increased to thirty-two, significantly strengthened and reflects the geography of the coun-
try, expanded network of educational organizations, as well as increased the number of participants. In 2010, 
in the framework of the official, the «rapprochement of cultures», which became a milestone and a new stage 
in the development of the project, Kazakhstan initiated a biennial international festival of children's art 
«Children are painting the world. Central Asia». 
From 20 to 24 Augustб 2014 in Astana was held the next stage of the International Festival «Children 
Draw World. Central Asia», which was attended by 150 young artists from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajiki-

N.A. Kassymzhanova, M. Dutta 
78 
Вестник Карагандинского университета 
stan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The event was timed to the celebration of the International Decade for 
the Rapprochement of Cultures. This project is supported by the UNESCO Cluster Office in Almaty and the 
National Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan for UNESCO and ISESCO. Over the years the festival 
has become one of the most important and promising projects in the cultural sphere, involving a growing 
number of young participants. 
According to speech of S.A. Lazarev, Director of the UNESCO Cluster Office in Almaty for Kazakh-
stan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan: «..regular holding of the festival and the publication of the al-
bum «Children Draw World. Central Asia» have become a sort of starting point for the activation of the 
youth as the main driving force of the UNESCO Club movement. Young people should be given opportuni-
ties for active participation in the organization of various events in order to promote cultural diversity, dia-
logue, tolerance, mutual understanding and cooperation. In other words — in the implementation of 
UNESCO's ideals and principles» [10]. 
In the field of science Kazakhstan actively participates in the UNITWIN of UNESCO Department. Cur-
rently in Kazakhstan there are 4 UNESCO Departments: UNESCO Department «Science and Spirituality» at 
the Institute of Oriental Studies named after R.Suleymenov, UNESCO Department on Pedagogy at the Abai 
Kazakh National Pedagogical University, UNESCO Department on Journalism and Communication at the 
Kazakh National University named after Al-Farabi, and the UNESCO Department on tolerance at 
L.Gumilyov ENU [11; 8]. 
In the field of information and communication there progressively implementing training programs on 
journalism in the national educational context, as well as becoming more popular applications of Information 
and Communication Technologies (ICT). For example, in 2013, Almaty hosted the Central Asian Symposi-
um «Information and Communication Technologies in Education: Innovative ICT practices for learning 
throughout life», organized by the National Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan for UNESCO and 
ISESCO in cooperation with MES and the Regional educational Bureau for Asia and the Pacific in Bangkok. 
It is worth mentioning separately the main achievements of Kazakhstan in UNESCO line activities. In 
the first place, it is the adoption of the Declaration of Alma-Ata on Promoting Independent and Pluralistic 
Asian Media in October, 1992 [1]. In the period 1999–2001, Kazakhstan was elected and served as Deputy 
Chairman of the Executive Board of UNESCO from the Group of Asian-Pacific region, representing all the 
countries of the region in the main governing body of UNESCO, coordinate and make suggestions and ques-
tions for consideration by the Organization on behalf of the Asia-Pacific region [12]. 
The recent visits of UNESCO General Director Irina Bokova to Astana in May, 2012 and in August, 
2013 reinforce the growing prestige of Kazakhstan in the Organization. Kazakhstan's chairmanship in the 
UNESCO Committee on conventions and recommendations for the period from 2011 to 2013, which is a 
permanent subsidiary body of the Executive Council of the organization and was established in accordance 
with the 70
th
 Session of the decision of the Executive Board in 1965, also made a significant contribution to 
the role of the country's development Organization [13]. A significant event of the reviewed period was the 
election of Kazakhstan in 19 November, 2013 as a member of the World Heritage Committee for the next 
four-year cycle. This success was the result of intense campaigning and effective interaction between repre-
sentatives of the Republic of Kazakhstan with foreign delegations [11; 1]. 
The undoubted success of foreign policy of Kazakhstan in UNESCO, can rightly be considered the an-
nouncement of 2010 year as the International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures by the country’s initi-
ative, which then received the unanimous support of the UN General Assembly at its 67th Session, pro-
claimed the International Decade for the Rapprochement of Cultures for the 2013–2022. 
In resolution 62/90 the UN General Assembly recommended Member States to consider appropriate 
and, where appropriate, to propose initiatives that identify areas for action in all sectors and at all levels of 
society in order to promote inter-religious and intercultural dialogue, tolerance, mutual understanding and 
cooperation, in particular, with the help of the ideas put forward in the high-level Dialogue on interreligious 
and intercultural understanding and cooperation for peace [14]. 
In July, 2014 in Kazakhstan was organized and hosted the first interregional meeting of National Com-
missions for UNESCO. For the first time in the history of UNESCO representatives of National Commis-
sions for UNESCO gathered outside the headquarters of UNESCO to discuss topical issues of development. 
The meeting was attended by heads and representatives of National Commissions of more than 110 member 
countries, the UNESCO Secretariat, observers from partner organizations (Mica, ALECSO), as well as rep-
resentatives of cultural, academic and civil society of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The main objective of the 
meeting was to discuss the issues of further growth and development of the National Commissions for 

Kazakhstan and UNESCO… 
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UNESCO at the country, regional and global levels, and their active involvement in the work of the 
UNESCO Secretariat, strengthening existing and creating new partnerships with the National Commissions 
around the world. 
As noted in his speech at the 37th session of the UNESCO General Conference in Paris in November, 
2013, Chairman of the National Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan for UNESCO 
I.N. Tasmagametov: «for Kazakhstan cooperation with this Organization has always been one of the priori-
ties of foreign policy». For over twenty years, UNESCO has provided substantial support to Kazakhstan in 
reforming the national education system, science and culture. Through UNESCO it has received an oppor-
tunity to adopt best international practices in the sphere of information and communication. In this difficult 
period of financial difficulties for the UNESCO Kazakhstan is making additional efforts to support the Or-
ganization. Since 2011, the country is making voluntary contributions to the extraordinary multi-donor fund 
and the UNESCO Cluster Office in Almaty, as well as on specific projects of the Organization [15]. 
In light of the above, it seems clear that the example of Kazakhstan's cooperation with UNESCO, as a 
country with a dynamic economy and growing political influence in the international arena, can serve as a 
good example of mutually beneficial partnership. At the same time it can substantially contribute to 
UNESCO to improve the financial situation of the Organization, as well as in the more productive resolution 
of its tasks in Central Asia. 
 
 
References 
1  Laumulin M.T. The Geopolitics of XXI Century in Central Asia. — Almaty: KazISS, 2007. — 283 p. 
2  Стратегия «Казахстан – 2050». Новый политический курс состоявшегося государства». — Астана, 2012. — [ЭР]. Ре-
жим доступа: https://strategy2050.kz/en/ 
3  Address of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan at 28th UNESCO General Conference, 1995. — [ЭР]. Режим дос-
тупа: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0010/001018/101836E.pdf 
4  Национальная  Комиссия  Республики  Казахстан  по  делам  ЮНЕСКО  и  ИСЕСКО. — [ЭР].  Режим  доступа: 
www.unesco.natcom.kz/ru/culture. 
5  UNESCO World Heritage Center. Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang’an-Tianshan Corridor. — [ER]. Access mode: 
//http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1442  
6  UNESCO Operational Strategy on Youth 2014–2021, UNESCO, 2014, [ER]. Access mode: 
http://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/Operational%20Strategy%20on%20Youth%202014-2021.pdf 
7  Акты 16-й  сессии  Генеральной  Конференции  ЮНЕСКО.  Резолюции. — [ЭР].  Режим  доступа: 
http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=31281&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html  
8  Постановление  Правительства  Республики  Казахстан  от 28 мая 2012 г.  № 688 «О  подписании  Соглашения  между 
Правительством Республики Казахстан и Организацией Объединенных Наций по вопросам образования, науки и культуры 
(ЮНЕСКО) о создании в Республике Казахстан  Центрально-Азиатского регионального гляциологического центра (катего-
рии 2)». — [ЭР]. Режим доступа: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/worldwide/asia-and-the-pacific/kazakhstan/ 
9  Официальный сайт Казахстанской Национальной Федерации Клубов ЮНЕСКО. Публикация. Астанинская деклара-
ция по Глобальной Этике. — [ЭР]. Режим доступа: http://kazfuca.kz/ru/publication.php?q=declaration 
10  37 C/4 UNESCO Medium Term Strategy for 2014–2021. — [ER]. Access mode: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/bureau-of-
strategic-planning/resources/medium-term-strategy-c4/ 
11  Протокольные решения Заседания Национальной Комиссии Республики Казахстан по делам ЮНЕСКО и ИСЕСКО 
от 5 мая 2014 г. Приложение 3 — Отчет об основных итогах деятельности Национальной Комиссии Республики Казахстан 
по делам ЮНЕСКО и ИСЕСКО в 2013 году. — [ЭР]. Режим доступа: www.unesco.natcom.kz. 
12  Декларация о содействии развитию независимых и плюралистических средств  массовой информации. — [ЭР]. Ре-
жим доступа: http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/sofiadecl.shtml 
13  Организация Объединенных Наций. Экономический и Социальный Совет. Программные решения Генеральной Ас-
самблеи ООН и Экономического и Социального Совета, имеющие непосредственное отношение к работе Статистической 
Комиссии. — [ЭР]. Режим доступа: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/doc15/2015-38-ECOSOC-GA-R.pdf 
14  UNESCO Country Programming Document (UCPD) for the Republic of Kazakhstan 2012–2014, Almaty, 2013. — 
[ER]. Access mode: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002239/223965E.pdf 
15  Address of the Chairman of the National Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan for UNESCO at the 37th  UNESCO 
General Conference, 2013. — [ER]. Access mode: http://www.unesco.at/pdf/UNESCO_NatComAnnualReport2013.pdf 
 
 

N.A. Kassymzhanova, M. Dutta 
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Н.А. Касымжанова, М. Дутта 

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