Қазақстан республикасы ғылым және жоғары білім министрлігі ш. УӘлиханов атындағы
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» means a person who keeps their interests and ideas secret, especially someone who has a surprising ability or skill. In addition, expression « to talk the hind legs off a donkey » is used to describe a person who talks too much. And this zoonym is not found in the Kazakh language at all. The main reason for these similarities and differences is the cultural and historical heritage of the English and Kazakh people, as well as their geographical location and nature. When analyzing the changing meaning of zoonym words, the lexicographical problem of these words creates a special problem. because zoonym is used in the language in two lexico-semantic directions (animal name and comparing a person with an animal name). But these two are not found in the same dictionaries. As a rule, only metaphorical meanings are used, which are frequently used, and have become stable similes. In this case, these meanings are clarified and give a constantly changing meaning of the zoonym. In both languages, there are similes that are not found in the dictionary, but are used colloquially. For example, in spoken English, « to be a rat » used to describe a person who deserts his friends or associates, especially in times of trouble. Someone who is not loyal. If we focus on similar comparisons in the Kazakh language - « түлкідей қу» (as sly as a fox ) is a person who is very cunning or dishonest. Each nation has its own sacred animal, its own totem. They turn to him for help, ask for protection, protect their home with the help of totem amulets. Animals become symbols of the country, they are believed in, they are worshipped. Animals are an integral part of the religion of every nation. Once in the same territory, people of different nationalities seek to establish a peaceful coexistence, studying and understanding the language, culture, way of life and customs. According to Chanysheva, “unlike culture, the sphere of relations between language and ethnicity initially includes a constant acting factor, since the people, who found themselves in a certain climate, had to adapt to it in a given territory, while at the same time adapting nature to themselves” [2;16 р]. We proposed for consideration twelve animal-zoonym names: "wolf", "hare", "cow", "cat", "mouse", "lion", "fox", "horse", "monkey", "sheep", "pig", "dog" [3;38 р]. The considered zoonyms are special units of speech and are among those of its components, the national and cultural conditionality of semantics is especially pronounced. Names of this type have already attracted attention in the human sciences. For instance, a pig is a physically or morally unscrupulous person for representatives of all diasporas, a hardworking, hardy and flexible horse for Europeans and for Asians and people of Caucasian nationality - pride, beauty, pressure, etc. The king of animals is a lion. Its appearance, attractive and rough mane that looks like a crown, his regal look, staring proudly — these all show importance, finery, presentability and confidence inherent to the king. Characteristics of human beings, such as solemnity, strength, restraint, finery, reliability are expressed through a lion's image. When we compare a person to a lion, we see his dreadfulness and courage. When a person is compared to an old lion, we understand that it is a wise elder with thoughts to share with younger generation and show an example. Dreadful like a lion, brave like a lion, to have a lion's heart comparisons in the language describe dreadful, brave, proud, imperious characteristics of the person. Along with calling a tiger «sheri», the Kazakhs called it «black ear» too. Among the population: «when the tiger approaches, you give voice and say «black ear», a dangerous predator will not hurt and leave» such legend proves it [4; 265 р], said A. Akhmetov noting that the tiger's name is included in taboo words of Kazakh people. Such comparisons as to behave heinously like a tiger, strong like a tiger, to become furious like a tiger, to bend like a tiger, noble like tiger, to shoot ahead like a tiger, to rip apart like a tiger in tiger's appearance, movements, powerfulness in the voice are compared to human qualities. Proverbs and sayings reflect the cultural heritage and cultural realities of any ethnic group in 126 their historical development, they can be considered a reliable source of people's lives. Proverbs and sayings of different nations are usually similar. Their identity is characteristic "for peoples who are related in language, close to ge graphically and connected by a common cultural and historical development" The life of an ethnic group is influenced by various conditions, mainly natural and climatic, which include climate, spatial distribution of people, flora and fauna, etc. Proverbs and sayings associated with the names of animals are organically woven into the life of any nation. They realize both the national image of the world and the linguistic national image of the world. Animal expressions are very common in the English language too. Like most languages, in English animals describing people’s personalities are used in many idiomatic expressions. For instance, if someone is “sheepish”, it means they are shy, nervous, and have no confidence. If someone is “chicken”, it means they are afraid. In addition , “Eager beaver” is a person who is excited about doing certain work, “copycat” is a person who does the same thing as someone else. “A dark horse ” is a person who keeps their interests and ideas secret, especially someone who has a surprising ability or skill. “To be a rat”- this negative noun is used to describe a person who deserts his friends or associates, especially in times of trouble or someone who is not loyal . “Eye of the tiger”– very determined, very driven toward a specific goal, to the extent that they almost think of nothing else . Furthermore , If “cold fish” is someone who has very little emotions, who is regarded as hard- hearted and unfeeling, “A big fish in a small pond” means a person who is in control and can do as they please. Likewise, “lone wolf” is someone who prefers his own company and does not like socialising. Top dog is the person who is usually the most important or somebody in the highest position So, the variable meanings of zoonyms in the Kazakh language are more than in the English language. That is, in the Kazakh language, equating a person with the name of an animal is more common. It can be seen from this that the Kazakh people attach great importance to animals and describe them in different ways. As the results of the analysis made in the article show, each language has its own variable meaning system, which is not found in other languages. The use of figurative language plays an important role in intercultural communication and translation. The use of figurative words helps the translator to understand the first semantics of the word, its semantic structure, ethnographic and cultural background. жүктеу/скачать 19,8 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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