Chinese institutions of higher learning include the contents of art education
At present, China's general secondary school art teaching the basic content, most include painting,
arts and crafts, and appreciation of several parts. Now briefly described below.
Painting. Material in the plane shape of a certain shape, sense of volume, texture and spatial sense
of the artistic image. It is a reflection of real life, real life is also the author's feelings, but also reflects the
author's thoughts and feelings and worldview. Painting some of the major textbooks, including painting,
copy, creative. Painting is a direct description of objective reality, it is to learn the basic skills of the
plastic arts, but also an important means of collecting creative material. Students can exercise by painting
the observation, analysis, memory, imagination and other capacity development, so the proportion of very
large painting. A copy is also very important learning tool. We inherit good skills to learn the importance
of previous methods. Creation is to allow students to use knowledge and skills already learned the art to
art forms to reflect their thoughts and feelings of life and to foster and develop students' thinking,
imagination, and creative ability.
Arts and crafts, with people's lives and production technology are closely linked to the art form.
Usually classified into two categories, one practical arts and craft, which is based on design and
manufacture of daily necessities, a beautiful living environment to meet people's lives and psychological
need for the purpose of aesthetic art form. Such as commodity decoration, dyeing technology, ceramics,
industrial style, apparel, knitting, etc.; second display process, namely the special process. Supplemented
by practical. For people to watch some of the main exhibit. Such as stone carving, jade carving,
decorative painting. Arts and crafts as one of the art of teaching, including design, hand. Content pattern
pattern depiction, painting changes, pattern design. Manual paper-work, carpentry, paper cutting, carving,
etc.
Appreciation is defined as the viewer's level of cultural knowledge, artistic accomplishments, to
appreciate, understand, identify works of art, from works of art appreciation and thus achieve a high
degree of identification and evaluation. Introduce various types of art including Chinese and foreign art
history and so on.
Contemporary Chinese cultural arts education weight technology
Throughout the centuries of Chinese contemporary art education history, many are now
established as early as the beginning of the problem had been foreshadowed. Industrial Revolution in the
19th century that the West made great development during the growth of social wealth crazy, Chinese
intellectuals see a number of advanced science and technology in the development of social productive
forces, the great role, so Come «Mr.» «Mr. Science» , became the most popular point of view, but they do
not see is the science and technology on human society, the enormous confusion and mental problems, so
have a strong modern art critique of industrial society. In this wave, driven only technology, selected
Chinese art technical training known to the Western academic realism and abandoned the humanistic
approach to the traditional model of development of artistic talent (Chinese classical art of the piano,
chess, calligraphy and painting; poetry , books, paintings, India; words, songs, Fu and other integrated
arts training model).
With the introduction of Soviet art education system, professional become ever more
finely, the various arts disciplines due to their differences in skill is broken down into a small, and no
contact between the professional, comprehensive art itself is not a , replaced by a variety of professional
art colleges: College of Dance, Music, Fine Arts, Film Academy, Academy of Drama. Specialization
become more and more powerful, and comprehensive getting worse, getting better and better technology,
humanities getting lower and lower, this light weight technology not only in human thinking schools at all
levels of education, but also reflect the among the college entrance examination in the art.
Оf contemporary Chinese art education out of touch with social needs
On the one hand, the freshest contemporary art artistic elements can not enter universities. In our
educational philosophy, the discipline to enter the education system must be a mature discipline that is
discipline-based arts education, in education, to the great works of art as a carrier of human values from
generation to generation, this stems from the United States art education theory is a conservative
characteristics, the most prominent problem is the lack of an evaluation system for contemporary art, its
fresh, active factor which can not enter universities, colleges and universities and into these works of art,
Абай атындағы ҚазҰПУ-нің Хабаршысы, «Көркемөнерден білім беру: өнер-теориясы-әдістемесі» сериясы,
№2 (31) 2012 ж.
in the process of selection criteria sure it is a problem. So, when the professional students of the
institutions into the community, there would be a very long period of loss and not suited to, he will find in
college to learn a lot in fact is no longer applicable, stable, mature discipline model to teach students what
was already growing old.
Emphasis on contemporary art, contemporary art criticism is calling attention to the role of
education in schools. School arts education system there are three types: First, professional arts education
institutions, also known as the «pure art», to foster the goal of pure artists, currently covered in the
professional colleges also have a professional design class arts education; second general arts education,
ranging from kindergartens, primary and secondary schools to universities all non-professional art
education; Third normal arts education, arts education, which is an unavoidable problem.
The importance of arts education reform China
Art education is one of China's basic education is important to implement quality education
programs; also an important means to implement aesthetic, its purpose is for students «to the United
States builds character»; art education is the intellectual development of the «right brain gymnastics»; Art
education but also with other disciplines «complementary». Therefore, we must truly recognize the
importance of art education, to be its rightful place and value.
Arts education in promoting the comprehensive development of the positive role played by
Aesthetic as one of the core humanities embodied the strong human spirit. People's ideals,
aspirations, emotions, will, values, dignity, personality, education, living status, wisdom, beauty, love,
freedom and other human characteristics are intrinsic to the different history, different national artists
created works of art. Thus, human nature is nature-based art curriculum, through art education, we can
effectively formation and development of students' cultural awareness.
Education and other school subjects arts education and integration links
.
To the United
States builds character
To achieve the aesthetic education of students to enhance the ideological and moral cultivation of
the so-called «to the United States builds character» is through aesthetic education, can purify people's
emotions, people's spiritual joy, beautify people's hearts. School aesthetic is an important means of art
education, it is to train students in understanding the United States, the United States and the students
enjoy the right of the aesthetic point of view, while the natural beauty, artistic beauty, social life, ability to
feel both the United States plays a very active the role. Greater plasticity of young students, but also the
personality harmonious and comprehensive development of the critical period. The survey shows:
Right brain gymnastics
Students in the mental training to achieve the intellectual development of some foreign experts
pointed out again: in education, if not through the plastic arts and other means, for the image charge of
training the right brain thinking, it means giving up half of the brain function of thinking, very conducive
to development of intelligence, nurture talent. Therefore, we put the image in art education as mental
training, intellectual development process to implement the people's «right brain gymnastics» raining.
Study of art education from the world, especially European and American art education research, we can
clearly see, in order to promote art education in the intellectual development of the educated in the
ongoing trials, continue to strengthen. Europe and North America developed countries, on the one hand,
in-depth study of the scientific theory of art education, art education on the one hand and vigorously carry
out the various testing activities. Such as medium and small types of early childhood education and
schools, expanding the scope of art education content, increase the hours. Its purpose is to is to train the
brain to develop intelligence, speed up the creation of the training.
Complementary
Skills training in capacity building was specifically done to achieve such an investigation,
engaged in construction engineering, physics, chemistry, agriculture, water conservancy, geology,
electronics, textiles, psychology experts and tourism professionals to visit, they all agreed that:
professional art and more closely linked. In mathematics who also believe that only with a wealth of
space for imagination, in order to learn mathematics, and this ability depends mainly on arts education.
The innovative personality, creative thinking and innovative practice to develop skills.
The nature of art is open, is eclectic, blending convergence, rather than exclusive. Art is
constantly enriched the connotation and extension, it is the pursuit of development beyond the infinite
satisfaction and stay in the past without success.
Arts education can promote the formation of innovative personality of college students .
Arts education encourages students to «divergent», pluralistic view of the world. Basic
knowledge of art and culture can improve their aesthetic, so that the student's cognitive, emotional, will
have been a healthy development. Education should be the first person's education, high moral character
and good heart, is an essential element of the perfect personality to shape, and aesthetic education in this
role is irreplaceable, not a beautiful soul who is never able to detect the United States.
Arts education can enhance the creative thinking of students
Arts education in many courses to train students in good visual imagination, the art of thinking
non-linear jump can maximize the break with traditional one-way mode of thinking, not just «right or
wrong» . Albert Einstein once said: «Imagination is more important than knowledg». Now many studies
have found that the visual imagination with engineering, design, success has a very close relationship
between. If my professor's «foreign dance appreciation» class, some students write their own personal
view of art education:
A student wrote: «"Scientists inspired by the beauty of art in our polymer materials science, there
are many abstract spatial structure of molecules, especially in the polymer in which the weight can be
hundreds of inorganic molecules times, the structure is extremely complex, but through the imagination,
we
constantly
find
that
their
structure
...»
Thus, the arts education into science education, students can be well trained force of visual sensitivity,
spatial thinking, image thinking ability, abstraction ability, style and hands-on ability, the course objective
is to encourage students to find design as much as possible, to maximize our students' thinking potential.
The creative arts education to our students practical skills
Powerful practical art education so that students no longer a «book to the article» learning mode,
but to encourage every student, «creativity put into practice, practice, access to innovation». Want to learn
painting you must pick up the brush actually painted in the paper; want to study sculpture must pick up
the knife cutting stone ... Any kind of art categories are inseparable from personal practice to master. The
traditional mode of education can be complete without practical knowledge, which allows students to
practice the natural formation of a contempt action learning approach.
In short, arts education, cultural values can form an open, future intentions and other social and
cultural environment, will help students to break the old patterns of thinking and get rid of the shackles of
traditional concepts, help students form a correct evaluation criteria and value system, to create a quality
education for innovation a good social environment and social psychology.
Ways to explore China's education reform
From the current design of our teaching system point of view, from the late 1970s the introduction
of the Bauhaus design education system is basically still in use today, the three constitute a unified world,
penetrate to the various professional, teaching performance of this design significantly lagging behind, it's
specialty training is the geometry of the composition, ignoring the concrete design, develop rational,
mechanical, cold, uniform design, it advocated the principles of aesthetic standards and style have
become the design history-flashing outdated. In this design teaching-driven, logo design flood of
unintelligible abbreviations and the Latin alphabet identical geometry, industrial product features first,
along with the lack of human geometry block, filled with drawings and classroom. Respected art and
design environment, «less is more», «form follows function» test, repeated thousands of people all over
the country side «Matchbox child» and glass curtain wall, the urban construction and environmental
characteristics should be lost, resulting in many foreign Chinese tourists to the city after leaving the past
to find that the old house to visit. And everywhere the same building on the current landscape of China,
but people feel boring. Designers in China International Advertising Festival in Cannes on annihilated, we
are not university design education from the cradle to think about the gap between us and the world!
We must actively absorb and draw on the design sector of the new thinking, new schools for our
use. Educational goals and educational tools and teaching content should be business-specific
requirements of the designer interface. This point we can learn from developed countries, ways and
means to help us catch up with the development of the world.
To strengthen arts education teachers in their professional quality
College teachers to improve the quality of learning and teaching in colleges of arts education an
essential important. To make college of arts education students have a good basic quality, college art
teachers themselves also need to strengthen the quality of training. College art teacher who is teaching the
art, but also the engineers of human souls future shapers. The dual nature of artistic unity and teacher,
decided to have a college art teacher in addition to the general art artists should have the ability, should
also have unique qualities.
Art teachers have a university study of pedagogical tasks.
College Art teachers
need to cultivate a broad perspective and to learn the new curriculum reform.
College Art teachers should
Абай атындағы ҚазҰПУ-нің Хабаршысы, «Көркемөнерден білім беру: өнер-теориясы-әдістемесі» сериясы,
№2 (31) 2012 ж.
actively promote the school-based curriculum combined with knowledge of folk art.
Higher arts education curriculum, teaching content and teaching methods should be
targeted
Universities and colleges of arts education courses are open to all; it should be basic education,
quality education, which on the one hand to train people on the other hand to develop the quality of
people's art. Art courses can be set up aesthetics, literature, poetry, drama, film, music appreciation, art
appreciation, vocal music, instrumental music, dance, drawing, painting, calligraphy, design courses. The
curriculum should be based on science, lively, interesting combination of policy, to mobilize the
enthusiasm of the students to actively participate in teaching for the purpose, and as far as possible while
teaching, learning, while in practice. Enable students to feel the charm of art, beautiful charm.
For example, to the creation of artistic quality of the educational series of seminars, Introduction
to the art music, music theory and other art forms, the quality of elective courses. In the works of art, we
should pay attention to the art form, artistic style, language arts and innovative features of any era, the era
of the artist to focus on works of a broad emotional and spiritual content. We want to give students the
most representative of human cultures and arts, to fully understand the aesthetic value of art and art
functions. Of college students in arts education activities should have a unique teaching method. Specific
implementation approach there are two: First, through practical exercises, the second is by viewing
analytic lectures.
Learn to recognize the history
The characteristics of arts education, first and foremost skill to master, it is well known, whether
professional or not able to engage first thought. But art is not a popular art, fashion way, because it is a
long history in the process of precipitation, accumulated, and its stability and tradition are particularly
strong, to achieve mastery of the skills they must learn. In addition to direct teachers to teach, but to
completely master this art, we must continue to review, observe the craft has a height and appearance. In
this search and questioning, the learner gradually develop an artistic attitude of respect for history and
make them a better understanding of history, consciously assume the continuation of the history and
future, the trust of the ancient reference today.
Learn to think independently
Learning in the arts, because of cultural and artistic phenomenon of multi-meaning nature of the
teacher and learners often have a very strong understanding of the collision, conflict and confusion. In
this confusion to try to explain and answer, forcing each receiver can not simply share the views of other
learners, to be launched to maximize their own thinking and ideas to determine the machine, keep their
own feelings and understanding to match, trial and error and adjustment, and finally to the satisfaction of
individual practice, as this phase of the learning task is completed to obtain a positive sign. This process
will need to constantly self-experience in which the individual repeatedly to find the answers.
Rediscovered, «miraculous»
Since the creation of arts learning in the requirements, so that students have been in the tradition
of the social demands and with the relationship between personal experience and the combination of
form, to think and try.The creation of any new phenomena can find clues to its development and history.
Art is constantly moving forward, put forward and create new things, some old things aside temporarily
and also store them up, so that their body gene-rich history with the future development of the new
changes in conditions , constantly waiting to be selected and activated.On the one hand, new is new, the
old is old, get rid of. On the one hand there is no absolute new, there is no absolute old, inspire each other,
blend with each other, through the ages, maneuvers, war and peace, and change the miraculous. This is an
art for each learner requirements.
Alone wait and see
In the hustle and bustle of social life, the arts learner must learn to maintain an observer status.
The phenomenon of social life, the rich, ever-changing nature, man's image and the diversity of
temperament, calm and rapid pace of history, have exposure to the arts learners both inside, along with
rolling bumps, feeling the ups and downs, but must be kept an observation of conscious, direct the lives of
ordinary people into an emotional experience, emotional insight of art, the art of material storage,
weaving structure of the work, looking for the theme entry point, the use of hands, visual, physical,
hearing to try expression and a better understanding of the psychological, social life and nature, in order
to finally express it out, revealing the significance of ordinary things and the beauty inherent in creating a
new art image for the community to contribute their cultural forces.
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