Н.К. КУЛЬМЫРЗАЕВА
1
., Н.А. СЕЙТМАГАНБЕТОВА
1
., Г.А. СМАГУЛОВА
1
., Г.В. ВЕКЛЕНКО
1
., Г.С. КУРМАШЕВА
1
.,
Г.Б. АБДРАХМАНОВА
2
., А.А. ЖАУБАТЫРОВА
1
., Н.А ЖУМАХАНОВА
1
.
1
Қазақстан, Ақтөбе қаласы, Марат Оспанов атындағы Батыс Қазақстан Мемлекеттік медицина университетті
2
Ақтөбе облыстық қан орталығы
ГЕН CYP2C19 ПОЛИМОРФИЗМІНІҢ АҚТӨБЕ ОБЛЫСЫНЫҢ ТҰРҒЫНДАРЫНЫҢ АРАСЫНДА ТАРАЛУЫ
Түйін: Мақсаты: Тері арқылы коронарлық араласудан кейінгі жедел коронарлық синдроммен ауыратын, Ақтөбе облысының
тұрғындарының ген CYP2C19 полиморфты нұсқаларының таралуын зерттеу.
Біз стент орнатылган және қос антиагреганттық терапия (аспиринÁ клопидогрел) тағайындалған, құжатталған жедел коронарлық
синдром диагнозы койылган 100 науқасты тексердік. Бақылау тобына ишемия және жүрек-қан тамырлары ауруларының
клиникалық, электрокардиографиялық көріністеріне жоқ 255 еріктілер кірді. Пациенттер мен еріктілер арасында ең кобі қазақтар
болды, тиісінше, 67¿ және 72¿ болды. Біздің салыстырмалы түрде шағын зерттеу жүмысымыз аралас тұрғылықты халқы бар
оңірде жүзеге асырылды, нәтижесінде CYP2C19 * 2 тасымалдаушы 1/3 деңгейінде науқастар және еріктілер арасында анықталды.
Біздің нәтижелерге сүйетен болсақ, қазақтардың генетикалық нұсқалары, басқа азияттар секілді екенін көрсетті. Осылайша, Ақтөбе
облысының түрғындарының арасында жедел коронарлық синдроммен ауыратын шамамен 30¿ «баяу метаболизаторов» болып
табылады және клопидогрелге төмен сезімталдығына байланысты жаңа жүрек-қан тамырлары оқиғаларының орын алуы ықтимал.
Түйінді сөздер: генотиптеу, CYP2C19, клопидогрел, жедел коронарлық синдром, тері арқылы коронарлық араласу.
439
N.K.KULMYRZAEVA
1
, N.A.SEITMAGANBETOVA
1
, G.A.SMAGULOVA
1
, G.V.VEKLENKO
1
, G.S.KURMASHEVA
1
,
G.B. ABDRAHMANOVA
2
., ZHAUBATYROVA A.A
1
, N.A. ZHUMAHANOVA
1
1
West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
2
Aktobe regional blood center
PREVALENCE OF GENE POLYMORPHISM CYP2C19 IN THE AKTYUBINSK POPULATION
Resume: To study the prevalence of polymorphic variants of CYP2C19 in residents of the Aktyubinsk region, in patients with acute coronary
syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention.
We studied included 100 patients with documented acute coronary syndrome, whom stent has been implanted and double antiplatelet therapy
(aspirin and clopidogrel) was administered (average age was 49.2). The control group was formed of 255 volunteers without clinical and
electrocardiographic manifestations of ischemia, and cardiovascular disease. In groups of patients and volunteers, most of them were ethnic
Kazakhs 67% and 72% respectively. Our relatively small study carried out in a population of mixed residence revealed carriage of CYP2C19 * 2
1/3 patients and volunteers. The results showed that Kazakhs are genetic variants, such as other Asians. Thus, about 30% of patients with
acute coronary syndrome who live in Aktobe (Aktobe residents) are "slow metabolizers" and are under the threat of a possible occurrence of
new cardiovascular events due to low sensitivity to clopidogrel.
Keywords: genotyping, CYP2C19, clopidogrel, acute coronary syndrome, percutaneous coronary intervention.
УДК 612-092/9:616-076
Y.S. DZHADRANOV, M.ZH. YERGAZINA, Z.N. DZHANGELDINA, A.V. KRASNOSHTANOV, V.K. KRASNOSHTANOV
S.D. Asfendiyarov KazNMU, Department of Histology
MORPHOLOGIC FEATURES OF THE EXPERIMENTAL TUMOR SARCOMA 45
Experimental tumor sarcoma 45 develops in the organism of laboratory rats. It represents a very convenient model for the investigation of
chemotherapy of tumors. But morphologic features of this tumor is poorly studied. Information which we discovered in the available literature is
very scanty. We tried to determine the microscopic structure of the rat’s experimental tumor sarcoma 45.
Keywords: tumor, rat, cell.
Actuality. Experimental tumor sarcoma 45 develops in the
organism of laboratory rats. It represents a very convenient model
for the investigation of chemotherapy of tumors. But morphologic
features of this tumor is poorly studied. Information which we
discovered in the available literature is very scanty. We tried to
determine the microscopic structure of the rat’s experimental
tumor sarcoma 45.
Methods. For our investigation we used sixteen sexually mature
laboratory rats the average body weight of which was two
hundred grammes. All the animals were subjected to the
intraperitoneal transplantation of the strain of experimental
tumor sarcoma 45. Eight of the rats (group number one) were
killed on the tenth day of the experiment, and the rest eight rats
(group number two) were killed on the twentieth day of the
experiment. Abdominal cavity was dissected, then the tumors
were extracted and fixed in solution of formalin. Paraffin sections
were stained with haematoxylin-eosin. Histologic specimens were
observed under light microscope.
Discussion. In the rats of the group number one the tumor is
made up of densely packed cells. Mitotic figures in the cells are
discovered very seldom. Hypochromic nuclei of the tumor cells
are rounded and oval in shape. Cytoplasm of the cells is poorly
eosinophilic.
Most of the cells, that are located within the peripheral parts of
the tumor, possess distinct boundaries. They are rounded, oval,
and polygonal in shape. Their diameter is 10,72Ã0,36
micrometers, and diameter of their nuclei is 6,79Ã0,31
micrometers.
Within the internal parts of the tumor the boundaries of the cells
are indistinct and the diameter of their nuclei is 8,11Ã0,29
micrometers.
Tissue of the tumor is penetrated by numerous thin-walled blood
vessels of different sizes. The inner surfaces of the vessels are
lined by flattened endotheliocytes containing elongated nuclei.
Within the tumor there are small necrotic zones that are made up
of fragments of cytoplasm and nuclei of destroyed tumor cells.
In the rats of the group number two the tumor is surrounded by
connective tissue capsule which consists of numerous cells and
thin fibres. The thickness of the capsule is varies in different
regions. In the regions where the capsule is thinnest (its thickness
is less than thirteen micrometers) its structural elements are
arranged densely and are directed along the surface of the tumor.
The nuclei of the cells are small, elongated, hyperchromatic.
Average diameter of the nuclei is 3,94Ã0,16 micrometers. As the
thickness of the capsula increases its structural elements
gradually become wavy and then they become directed in
different directions. In regions where the capsule is thickest (its
thickness achieves one hundred and eighty micrometers) its
connective tissue cells contain both small hyperchromatic nuclei
and bigger nuclei containing distinct masses of chromatin. Those
nuclei are rouded, oval, and elongated in shape, their diameter is
6,98Ã0,3 micrometers.
The capsule is well vascularized. In those zones where the capsula
is thinnest the vessels in it are discovered very seldom. As the
capsule becomes thicker, the number and size of its vessels
increases. From the capsule the vessels penetrate deeply into the
tumor where they form dense network.
In the peripheral parts of the tumor the cells are densely packed,
their boundaries are indistinct. Cytoplasm of many of the cells is
vacuolated. Nuclei are hyperchromatic, their diameter is 8,35Ã0,2
micrometers. Shapes of the nuclei are rounded, oval, polygonal.
Within the internal parts of the tumor the cells are arranged more
loosely. Cytoplasm in many of the cells is vacuolated. Nuclei of the
cells are 10,18Ã0,4 micrometers in diameter, they are rounded,
oval, or bean-shaped. They are characterized by distinct
karyolemma and masses of chromatin. Each nucleus contains one
to six nucleoli which are different in size. There is tendency to
decrease of the size of the nucleoli within a nucleus while
increasing their number. Though there are some nuclei that
contain nucleoli which considerably differ from each other in size.
Towards the centre of the tumor the number of destroying cells
increases. Nuclei of such cells are wrinkled, and their cytoplasm is
brightly eosinophilic. There are also small cavities that were
formed in the places of the entirely destroyed tumor cells.
Central parts of the tumor are necrotic.
Conclusions. The tumor sarcoma 45 is surrounded by well
vascularized capsule and is characterized by cellular structure.
The cells show typical features in different parts of the tumor.
Among the tumor cells blood vessels are found. The tumor also
contains necrotic zones and zones containing wrinkled and
anucleate cells.
440
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19
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20
Цибулевский А.Ю., Борисов С.Е. Толщина эпителиального пласта слизистой оболочки тощей кишки у крыс в норме и при условии
двусторонней поддиафрагмальной ваготомии. // Реактивность и пластичность эпителия и соединительной ткани в нормальных,
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Е.С. ДЖАДРАНОВ, М.Ж. ЕРГАЗИНА, З.Н. ДЖАНГЕЛЬДИНА, А.В. КРАСНОШТАНОВ, В.К. КРАСНОШТАНОВ
ЭСКПЕРИМЕНТТІ САРКОМА 45 ІСІГІНІҢ МОРФОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ
Түйін: Саркома 45 экспериментті солидті ісігінің егілгеннен кейінгі әр түрлі уақытта морфологиялық ерекшеліктері зерттелді.
Аталмыш қатерлі ісіктің дамуында кейбір құрылымдық өзгерістері анықталған.
Түйінді сөздер: ісік, егеуқұйрық, жасуша.
Е.С. ДЖАДРАНОВ, М.Ж. ЕРГАЗИНА, З.Н. ДЖАНГЕЛЬДИНА, А.В. КРАСНОШТАНОВ, В.К. КРАСНОШТАНОВ
МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ОПУХОЛИ САРКОМА 45
Резюме: Описаны морфологические особенности солидной экспериментальной опухоли Саркома 45 в различные сроки после
перевивки. Обнаружены структурные изменения происходящие в процессе развития данного злокачественного новообразования.
Ключевые слова: опухоль, крыса, клетка.
441
УДК 599–092/9:616-076:612-092/9
Y.S. DZHADRANOV, M.ZH. YERGAZINA, Z.N. DZHANGELDINA, A.V. KRASNOSHTANOV, V.K. KRASNOSHTANOV
S.D. Asfendiyarov KazNMU,
Department of Histology
MORPHOLOGIC CHANGES IN THE RAT’S THYMUS IN CASE OF INTRAPULMONIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL
SOLID OVARIAN TUMOR
It is known that the thymus is an organ regulating immunomorphologic processes in the organism. Reactive changes in the thymus occur in case of
oncological diseases. Information that we discovered in the available literature concerns mainly structural changes in thymus in case of
spontaneous and chemically induced tumors. We tried to determine structural changes in the rat’s thymus in case of intrapulmonic development of
the experimental solid ovarian tumor.
Keywords: thymus, rat, cell.
Actuality. It is known that the thymus is an organ regulating
immunomorphologic processes in the organism. Reactive changes
in the thymus occur in case of oncological diseases. Information
that we discovered in the available literature concerns mainly
structural changes in thymus in case of spontaneous and
chemically induced tumors. We tried to determine structural
changes in the rat’s thymus in case of intrapulmonic development
of the experimental solid ovarian tumor.
Methods. For our investigation we used two groups (number one
and number two) of laboratory rat’s males at the age of two and a
half months. Each of the groups included ten animals. Rats of the
group number one (control) were intact. Rats of the group
number two were subjected to the intravenous transplantation of
fifty thousand tumor cells. The number of the tumor cells was
determined with the help of Gorjaev’s count chamber.
On the twentieth day of the experiment all the animals were
killed. The thymus was extracted and fixed in solution of formalin.
Paraffin sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin.
Histologic specimens were observed under light microscope.
Discussion. Microscopically it was estimated that on the outside
the thymus of the control rats (animals of the group number one)
is surrounded by connective tissue capsule that consists of
numerous cells, and thin wavy fibres lying parallel to the sirface of
the organ. The connective tissue cells contain rounded and oval
nuclei that are pooly stained, and are characterized by presence of
distinct karyolemma and masses of chromatin. Within some zones
of the capsule its structural elements are loosely arranged, and
among them there are lymphoid cells. Thickness of the capsule is
19,03Ã0,62 micrometers.
Trabeculae arising from the capsule extend deeply into the
substance of the thymus and partially separate lobules from each
other. The trabeculae are penetrated by thin-walled vessels filled
with formed elements of blood. Inner surfaces of the blood vessels
are lined by thin endotheliocytes containing elongated poorly
stained nuclei.
Each thymic lobule has an outer cortex and an inner medulla that
differ from one another by density of the lymphoid cell
arrangement. The medulla of the adjoining lobules is continuous.
Thickness of the cortex is 213,33Ã10,04 micrometers. The
lymphoid cells in it are very densely arranged, their boundaries
are not prominent. Rounded and oval nuclei of the cells are
densely stained and are 3,86Ã0,14 micrometers in diameter.
The epithelial reticular cells are sometimes found between the
cortical thymocytes. The epithelial reticular cells contain rounded
and oval poorly stained nuclei that have distinct karyolemma and
masses of chromatin. The nuclei are 5,62Ã0,21 micrometers in
diameter. The thymic cortex is penetrated by thin-walled vessels
filled with formed elements of blood.
Thymic medulla is 260,0Ã7,6 micrometers in thickness. It is
penetrated by numerous small blood vessels. Thymocytes of the
medulla are arranged looser, and their nuclei are bigger in size
than those of the cortex, the diameter of the nuclei is 4,45Ã0,14
micrometers.
Epithelial reticular cells of the medulla are found more often, and
some of them are arranged in groups including two to twelve cells.
Nuclei of the cells are 6,9Ã0,3 micrometers in diameter. Among
the medullary epithelial reticular cells there are degenerative
ones, this fact obviously is the result of the beginning of formation
of Hassall’s corpuscles.
Completely formed Hassall’s corpuscles are found in the cortex of
the lobules. The corpuscles are rounded or irregular in shape, they
are composed of concentrically arranged epithelial cells. Some of
them contain centrally located cavities. Average diameter of the
Hassall’s corpuscles is 10,3Ã0,4 micrometers.
In different parts of the thymus of the control rats there are singly
present large oval cells (11,4Ã0,2 micrometers in diameter). Their
cytoplasm is eosiniphilic, and their nuclei are centrally situated
and densely stained. Those cells resemble plasma cells.
In the rats of the group number two the thymus is surrounded by
connective tissue capsule infiltrated by lymphoid cells. Capsular
vessels are dilated and filled with formed elements of blood.
Within the lobules of the thymic parenchyma the structural
difference between cortex and medulla isn’t conspicuous: in all
zones the lymphoid cells are arranged very densely. Boundaries of
the thymocytes are not prominent.
In some zones of the lobules the nuclei of the lymphoid cells are
densely stained; the diameter of the nuclei is 3,67Ã0,16
micrometers. In other zones the thymocytes contain poorly
stained nuclei that are 4,56Ã0,1micrometers in diameter; within
those zones there are small cavities that remain in places of the
entirely destroyed lymphoid cells. Some zones are made up of
homogeneous eosinophilic substance containing fragments of
thymocytes.
Thymus of the rats of the group number two is penetrated by
numerous dilated blood vessels filled with the formed elements of
blood. Hassall’s corpuscles are not found. The subcapsular zone of
the thymic lobules contains large clusters of cells that resemble
the tumor cells. Such clusters of cells are penetrated by numerous
dilated thin-walled vessels filled with formed elements of blood.
Rounded and oval nuclei of the cells are 8,77Ã0,22 micrometers in
diameter. They have distinct karyolemma, nucleoli, and masses of
chromatin.
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