8. Answer the following questions
1. What country does Hans represent?
2. What country does Hans refer to saying ...” on the back of poor John
Bull”?
9. Read the text, do the tasks after it, be ready to speak about higher
education in Great Britain. Study the vocabulary to the text.
HIGHER EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
A university in Great Britain is a place of higher education to which young
men and women may go after finishing the course at a high school, that is, when
they are about 18 years old.
It is true that most students go to a university to study some special subject
or group of subjects, a knowledge of which will make it possible for them to earn
their living as doctors, lawyers, engineers, teachers, etc. But it is recognized that a
university must do more than supply the facts of medicine, law, engineering or
whatever a man may have to do or teach: it must train its students in such a way
66
that they themselves will always be eager to search for new knowledge and new
ideas.
Of the full-time students now attending English universities three quarters
are men and one quarter women. Nearly half of them are engaged in the study of
arts subjects such as history, languages, economics or law, the others are studying
pure or applied sciences such as medicine, dentistry, technology, or agriculture.
The University of London, for instance, includes internal and external stu-
dents, the latter coming to London only to sit for their examinations. Actually most
external students at London University are living in London. The colleges in the
University of London are essentially teaching institutions, providing instruction
chiefly by means of lectures, which are attended mainly by day students. The col-
leges of Oxford and Cambridge, however, are essentially residential institutions
and they mainly use a tutorial method.
This tutorial system began at Oxford and Cambridge, where each college is a
world of its own, with the students in residence, and they can easily appoint tutors
to look after each student individually. The system is also used to some extent in
the other universities to supplement lectures. Generally speaking there’s one mem-
ber of the teaching staff for every eight students in the universities. The tutorial
system brings the tutor into the close and personal contact with the student. The
colleges of Oxford and Cambridge, being residential, are necessarily far smaller
than most of the colleges of the University of London.
Education of University standard is also given in other institutions such as
colleges of technology and agricultural colleges, which prepare their students for
degrees or diplomas in their own fields. The three terms into which the British
University year is divided are roughly 8 to 10 weeks. Each term is crowded with
activity. The students have vacations between the terms.
A university usually has longer holidays than a school, and in England, in
addition to the long summer holiday, which lasts three or four months, there are a
few weeks at Christmas and Easter during which the students can go home. Many
of them arrange to travel in July, August and September, partly for pleasure and
partly for study. The students of some universities, who have to earn the money to
pay for their education, spend the summer in doing various kinds of work. But it is
not always easy to find employment.
If a person has a London degree, that means he has graduated from the Uni-
versity of London. A person studying for a degree at a British university is called
an undergraduate; one who has taken a degree is called a graduate. B.A. or B.Sc.
stands for Bachelor of Arts, or of Science, the first degree. M.A. or M.Sc. denotes
Master of Arts, or of Science. One can become a B.A. after 3 years of hard study,
and an M.A. at the end of 5 years.
Life at a university is not all hard work. In fact at some universities in Eng-
land and America success in sports and games seems almost as important as suc-
cess in studies and it is considered a high honour to be chosen to play for one’s
university at cricket or football. Students of Oxford and Cambridge meet at almost
every kind of sport, including tennis, running and jumping. And sometimes there
are sports meetings between American and British universities.
67
Vocabulary:
admission procedure / enrolment
to enter the university
final exams / finals
applicant/prospective student
undergraduate student
graduate (grad) student
post-graduate student
chancellor / president / rector of
the university
dean
department / faculty / college
faculty
tutor
academic staff
(post-)graduate course
to give / deliver a lecture
diploma with honours
term/semester
(group) supervisor
to be expeled / dismissed
secondary education
higher education
compulsory education
free/free of charge education
grant / scholarship /
allowance / stipend / fellowship
to select classes/courses
be good at smth. / do well in smth. /
to be at home in
to have a good command of smth.
to promote to a higher class
all-round education
vocational training
to miss lectures
to confer a degree (on); award / grant
a degree
extra-mural / part-time department
full-time department
to have / take a degree in smth.
thesis (theses) / paper / dissertation
to defend a thesis
diploma thesis / paper / course paper
to get/acquire knowledge
зачисление; регистрация; приём
поступать в университет
выпускные экзамены
абитуриент
студент 5-ого (последнего) курса,
студент-выпускник; аспирант
аспирант; студент магистратуры
ректор университета
декан факультета
факультет университета
факультет
преподаватель
проф.-препод. состав
аспирантура
читать лекцию
диплом с отличием
семестр
куратор группы
быть отчисленным
среднее образование
высшее образование
обязательное образование
бесплатное образование
стипендия
выбирать курсы / дисциплины
хорошо разбираться, преуспевать в
чем-либо, быть как рыба в воде
хорошо владеть чем-либо переходить в
следующий класс
всестороннее образование
профессиональная подготовка
пропускать лекции
присуждать учёную степень
заочный факультет
дневное отделение
иметь / получить научную степень
диссертация / научная работа
защитить диссертацию
дипломная / курсовая работа
приобретать знания
68
inexperienced / unskillled
qualified / well-experienced
curriculum / programme
syllabus / timetable
неквалифицированный
квалифицированный / опытный
расписание / программа / конспект,
план
10. Answer the following questions:
1. Where do English young men and women get higher education?
2. At what age do they enter a university?
3. What is the proportion of men and women attending English universities?
4. What subjects are considered to be arts subjects?
5. What do they call pure and applied sciences?
6. What do you understand by internal and external students?
7. How do teaching institutes provide instruction to English students?
8. Why are the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge called residential institu-
tions?
9. What is understood by tutors and the tutorial method?
10. Is it characteristic only of England?
11. At what colleges did it begin?
12. Why was it easy to appoint tutors there?
13. Do tutors look after each student individually or after a small group of
students?
14. Is the tutorial system used in other universities of England?
15. At what other institutions can Englishmen get education of University
standard?
16. How many terms is the University year divided into?
17. How long do they last?
18. What vacations (or holidays) have English students?
19. How long do Christmas and Easter holidays last?
20. What do they call the long summer holidays?
21. What do many English students do during their long summer holiday?
22. What do they call a person studying for a degree at a British university?
23. What do they call a person who has taken a degree?
24. What do the terms B.A., B. Sc., M.A. or M. SC. Stand for?
25. How do English students rest?
11. Choose the most suitable word to complete each sentence.
1.
Helen’s parents were very pleased when they read her school … .
a) report b) papers c) diploma d) account
2.
Martin has quite a good …of physics.
a) result b) pass c) understanding d) head
3.
In Britain children start … school at the age of five.
a) kindergarten b) secondary c) nursery d) primary
4.
Edward has a … in French from Leeds University.
a) certificate b) degree c) mark d) paper
5.
My favourite … at school was history.
69
a) topic b) class c) theme d) subject
6.
It’s time for break. The bell has …
a) gone b) struck c) rung d) sounded
7.
Our English teacher …. us some difficult exercises for homework.
a) set b) put c) obliged d) made
12. Use the words given below to form words which fit in the spaces.
Translate it.
(1) introduce, (2) success, (3) attend, (4) read, (5) fail, (6) revise, (7) mis-
take, (8) absent, (9) punish, (10) gift.
School Report
Margaret started English literature this term, and I am afraid that her (1)
………………. to the subject has not been entirely (2) ………………. She has not
shown much enthusiasm, and does not always pay (3) ……………..… in class.
Her assignments are often (4) ………………, because she is so untidy, and be-
cause of her (5) ……………… to check her work thoroughly. She failed to do any
(6) ………………. before the end of term test, and had poor results. She seems to
have the (7) ………………… idea that she can succeed without studying. She has
also had many (8) …………….… and has frequently arrived late for class. This
has resulted in several severe (9) …………….… . Also Margaret is a
(10)…………….… student in some respects, She has not had a satisfactory term.
13. Complete each sentence a) to j) with one of the endings 1) to 10). Use
each ending once only.
a)
Joy was absent most of the time …
b)
Sue wanted to do the experiment for herself …
c)
James was a very gifted pupil ….
d)
Lucy couldn’t find a duster to clean the board …
e)
Dave could pick up languages very easily …
f)
Brenda wanted to leave space for corrections …
g)
Tony didn’t pay attention in class …
h)
Helen was educated at home by her parents …
i)
Brian attended evening classes in photography …
j)
Cathy wanted to get into university …
1.
… so he didn’t have any problems passing his exams.
2.
… so he started talking in French after only a few days.
3.
… so she had to study for the entrance examinations.
4.
… so his name was removed from the register.
5.
… so he didn’t go out with his friends much during the week.
6.
… so she wrote her answers in the corner.
7.
… so she didn’t have many friends of her own age.
8.
… so she wrote everything on internet lines.
9.
… so she went to the science laboratory.
10… so he could never remember what the teacher said.
70
14. Read the text, do the tasks after it, be ready to speak about British
universities. Study the vocabulary to the text.
BRITISH UNIVERSITIES
There are now 47 universities in the United Kingdom and over 700 technical
colleges, of which 36 are in Eng-
land, 8 in Scotland, 2 in Northern
Ireland and 1 in Wales. The two
oldest universities in England are
Oxford (1167) and Cambridge
(1209). These date from the Middle
Ages. Oxford is the oldest of these
two universities, it is more philo-
sophical,
classical,
theological.
British universities can be divided
roughly into 3 main groups: the old universities; the “redbrick” universities, which
include all the provincial universities of the period 1850-1930, as well as London
University; the new universities, founded after the Second World War.
All British universities are
private, that is not state-controlled
institutions. Every university is in-
dependent, autonomous and respon-
sible only to its own governing
council. Although they all receive
financial support from the state, the
Department of Education and Sci-
ence has no control over their regu-
lations, curriculum, examinations,
appointment of staff, or the way
they spend money. The number and type of faculties differ from university to uni-
versity. Each university decides each year how many students it supposes to admit.
The admission to university is by examination or selection (interviews).
The students receive grants. They have to pay fees and living costs but every
student may receive from the local authority of the place where he lives a personal
grant which is enough to pay the lodging and food – unless his parents are rich.
Most students take jobs in the
summer for about six weeks, bur
they do not normally do outside
work during the academic session.
Students who pass examina-
tions at the end of three or four
years of study get a Bachelor’s de-
gree. The first postgraduate degree
is normally that of Master conferred
71
for a thesis based on at least one year’s fulltime work. Universities are centres of
research and many postgraduates are engaged in research for higher degree, usual-
ly Doctorates.
The British government does not think to build more new universities. There
is a tendency to expand the older ones. The most interesting innovation is the Open
University.
The Open University was founded in 1964 by the Labour Government for
those people who, for some reasons, had not had a chance to enter any of the other
universities, especially those above normal student age. It takes both men and
women at the age of 21 and over. No formal academic qualifications are necessary
for entry to those courses, but the standards of its degrees are the same as those of
other universities. In teaching the university uses a combination of television and
radio broadcasts, correspondence courses and summer schools, together with a
network of viewing and listening centres. Lecturers present their courses on one of
the BBC’s television channels and by radio. They have also produced a whole li-
brary of short course-books, which anyone can buy at bookshops. Students write
papers based on the courses and discuss them with tutors at meetings or by corre-
spondence once a month. The time of staying on at the Open University is unlim-
ited.
15. Choose the most suitable word or phrase underlined in each sen-
tence.
1.
Jack decided to take a course/lesson in hotel management.
2.
Sheila always got good marks/points in algebra.
3.
After leaving school, Ann studied/was trained as a teacher.
4. Peter decided not to go in/ enter for the examination.
5.
Jack decided to take a course/lesson in hotel management.
6.
My sister learned/taught me how to draw.
7.
I can’t come to the cinema . I have to read up/study for a test.
8.
In history we had to learn a lot of dates by hand/heart.
9.
I hope your work will improve by the end of the course/term.
10
Martin failed/missed his maths exam and had to sit it again.
16. Complete each sentence with suitable word or phrase.
1. Our teacher used to ………..… us by making us stay behind after school.
2. The teacher saw Jerry trying to …………. in the test.
3. Try to ……………. the most important rules.
4. It is difficult to ………….. attention in a noisy classroom.
5. Pauline tried her best to ………….. the end of the year examinations
6. Your work is the same as Harry’s. Did you ………….. his work?
7. Your mind is wandering! You must ………….. more!
8. Helen decided to ………….. all her work at the end of every week.
9. It is a good idea to …………… important parts of the book in red.
72
10. If you ……………. twenty seven by nine, the answer is three.
17. Match each person from the list with a suitable description. Use each
name once only.
Classmate examiner learner principal pupil coach graduate lec-
turer professor tutor
1. Someone who teaches at a university. 2. Someone who has a college de-
gree. 3. The head of a school . 4. Someone who studies at primary or secondary
school. 5. The most important teacher in a university department. 6. Someone who
teaches one student or a very small class. 7. Someone in the same class as yourself.
8. Someone who trains a sports team. 9. Someone who writes the question papers
of an examination. 10. Someone who drives but it is not yet passed a driving test.
18. Complete each sentence with a word beginning as shown.
1.
Charles has a good k…………. of the subject.
2.
These children are badly behaved! They need more d………….
3.
Maths is easy if you are allowed to use a c……………..
4.
Everyone agrees that a good e…………… is important.
5.
Keith spent four years studying at u…………..
6.
Some apes seem to have as much i…………… as humans!
7.
I find listening c………….. tests rather difficult.
8.
At the age of eleven I went to s………….. school.
9.
I enjoyed doing e………….. in the laboratory.
19. Choose the words and put them to the following sentences. Discuss
the text. Work in pairs.
Life at College and University
thirty; University; education; offer; years; industry; differ; summer;
courses; one; time; school; each; Degree; studies; important; three; full-time;
higher
1. There are about ... hundred universities in Britain. 2. The academic year in
Britain’s universities, Colleges of Education, Polytechnics is divided into ... terms.
3. English universities greatly differ from ... other. 4. They ... in size, history, tradi-
tion, general organization, methods of instruction, way of student life. 5. After
three ... of study university graduates leave with the Degree of Bachelor of Arts,
Science, Engineering, Medicine, etc. 6. Later you may continue to take a Master’s
Degree and then a Doctor’s .... 7. Research is an ... feature of university work. 8.
During late sixties the Government set up ... Polytechnics. 9. The Polytechnics of-
fer first and ... degrees. Some of them ... full-time and sandwich courses. 10. Col-
leges of Education provide two-year... in teacher education. 11. Some of those who
73
decide to leave ... at the age of 16 may go to a further ... college where they can
follow a course in typing, engineering, town planning, cooking or hairdressing, ...
or part-time.12. Further education colleges have strong ties with commerce and
....13. There is an interesting form of... which is called the Open University. People
study in their own free ... and “attend” lectures by watching TV and listening to the
radio. 14. They keep in touch by phone and letter with their tutors and attend ...
schools. 15. The Open ... students have no formal qualifications and would be una-
ble to enter ordinary universities.
GRAMMAR
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Времена группы Perfect
Время
Личные
местоимения
Вспом. гл.
Смысл. гл.
Глагольная форма
Случаи употребления
Present
Действительный залог
I have (I've) gone. – Я ушел. (уже). Have I gone? I have
(I've) not gone. (haven't)
Показывает действие, завершенное к
моменту речи. Результат этого
действия непременно связан с
настоящим. (На русский язык
переводится глаголом совершенного
времени)
Прошедшее действие,
закончившееся до указанного
момента / к указанному моменту в
прошлом ( к 5 часам, к субботе,
когда он пришел и т.д.).
Будущее действие, которое будет
закончено до определенного
момента в будущем, на него
указывает время или действие,
свершившееся раньше будущего.
I, we, you, they
he, she, it
have
has
III
Past
Действительный залог
I had (I'd) gone.- Я уже ушел. (к; прежде чем) Had I gone?
I had (I'd) not gone. (hadn't)
I, he, she, it, we,
you, they
had
III
Future
Действительный залог
I shall have gone. – Я уже уйду. (прежде чем). Shall I have
gone? I shall (I'll) not have gone.
I, we
he, she, it, you,they
Shall have
Will have
III
Упражнение 1. Откройте скобки, использовав Present Perfect или
Past Simple.
1. I (know) _______ her for six years.
2. I (know) _______ him when I was at school.
3. He (live) _______ in Paris from 1997 to 2000.
4. He (live) _______ in New York since 2001.
5. Where is Pete? I (not see) _______ him for ages.
6. I (not see) _______ Pete last night.
7. We (be) _______ at primary school from 1993 to 1998.
8. We (be) _______ in this class since September.
9. I (not watch) _______ this video yet.
10. I (not watch) _______ a video at the weekend.
Упражнение 2. Выберите правильную форму глагола.
1. She has /has had a moped since she was 15.
74
2. We took /have taken a taxi to town that morning.
3. We played /have played volleyball last night I am hungry.
4. I did not eat / have not eaten since last night.
5. They visited/ have visited Colorado last summer.
Упражнение 3. Откройте скобки, использовав Past Simple или Pre-
sent Perfect.
1. I (have, just) ______ a nice pot of coffee. Would you like a cup?
2. I (see, not) ______ Steve this morning yet.
3. Carol and I are old friends. I (know) ______ her since I (be) ______ a
freshman in high school.
4. Maria (have) ______ a lot of problems since she (come) ______ to this
country.
5. I (go) ______ to Paris in 2003 and 2006.
Упражнение 4. Откройте скобки, использовав Present Perfect или
Past Simple.
My family and I (move) from London to Cardiff last summer, so we (live) in
Cardiff for seven months now. I miss my friends in London. My best friend is
called Megan. We (meet) at primary school, so I (know) her for nine years. Unfor-
tunately, I (not see) her since last summer. I go to Greystone Secondary School in
Cardiff. I (be) at the school since last September. At first I (not like) it because I
(not have) any friends here. But the students in my class are really nice and I'm
happy here now.
Упражнение 5. Расставь слова в правильном порядке.
1. has, for, years, England, he, lived, in, fifteen.
2. read, they, all, books, have, since, these, year, last.
3. well, exercise, you, have, this, done, very.
4. John, a telegram, brother, has, his, sent, to, already.
5. student, English, the, already, translated, into, Russian, text, has, this,
from.
6. for, Mary, seen, I, have, ages, not.
7. not, come, yet, has, the mechanic.
8. they, about, have, not, the accident, informed, me.
9. you, in, Stavropol, not, for, have, two, lived, months.
10. to, she, been, never, has, New York.
Упражнение 6. Откройте скобки в форме глагола Present Perfect и
догадайся о какой профессии или хобби идет речь. Используй “He \ she
must be a … “.
1. She (translate) the text, (make) up a dialogue and (write) three exercises.
2. What a wonderful picture you (paint)!
3. He (design) a new clothes collection. It is wonderful!
4. I (buy) a packet of orange juice and a cake.
75
5. She (sell) all the apples.
6. He (make) a delicious soup.
7. I (collect) a lot of stamps.
8. The man (fix) the broken car.
9. He (finish) a new story.
10. She (type) three documents and (post) some letters.
Упражнение 7. Соедини по смыслу предложения.
1.
I have just had lunch.
A) He is not here.
2.
She has already left the house.
B) I am not hungry.
3.
Somebody has broken the window in our
classroom.
C) It’s too cold in here.
4.
I have known her since our childhood.
D) He knows this country very
well.
5.
We have left all the money at home.
E) She can not write now.
6.
Your mistakes have taught you nothing. F) She must be on her way to
college.
7.
She has cut her finger.
G) She is my best friend.
8.
He hasn’t come yet.
H) We can’t buy anything.
9.
David has been to the USA more than
once.
I) It is open now.
10.
Some fool has left the door unlocked.
J) You are doing the same silly
thing again.
11.
Grandmother has written a letter.
K) She is going to the post-office
now.
12.
The boy has fallen ill.
L) His mother is very upset.
76
Упражнение 8. Что следует говорить в следующих ситуациях?
Образец: It’s very cold. But you have only a light jacket on. - I haven’t
bought a warm coat yet.
1. Your friend invites you to the cinema to see a good film. You refuse.
Why?
2. You try to get to your flat through the window. Why?
3. Your friend is having his birthday. You think he will like your present.
4. Your soup is very salty. You are sorry.
5. You are very happy to see your former class mate.
6. It is 11 o’clock. You are very hungry. Why?
Упражнение 9. Ответьте на следующие вопросы, использовав вре-
мена группы Perfect.
Образец: Have you ever written a poem? – I have never written a poem. – I
have just written a poem etc..
1. Have you ever broken a window?
2. Have you ever seen a ghost?
3. Have you ever been abroad?
4. Have you ever spoken to a foreigner?
5. Have you ever found any money?
6. Have you ever lost your key?
7. Have you ever heard an opera?
8. Have you ever swum in the sea?
9. Have you ever read novels by Dickens?
Упражнение 10. Измените следующие предложения, употребляя
Past Perfect, добавьте обстоятельство времени с предлогом by.
Образец: I read the book two days ago. – I had read the book by 4.
1. They did the work in the morning. 2. The delegation arrived in our city at
10. 3. Her son washed the floor in the morning. 4. She wrote her composition in
the evening. 5. He translated that text after school. 6. They gathered vegetables in
the morning. 7. We built the house at the end of September. 8. I read this article in
the evening. 9. The rain stopped in the afternoon. 10. He passed his exams in June.
Упражнение 11. Используйте нужную форму глагола из предложен-
ных в скобках.
Образец: I (am getting, get got) up at 6 every morning last summer. – I got
up at 6 every morning.
1. We (did, have done, had done) a lot of work by 2. 2. My friend (lives,
lived, has lived) in London for a year. 3. The war (began, will begin, begins) in
1941. 4. I (shall help, helps, helped) you tomorrow, I think. 5. My father (likes, is
liking) to go swimming. 6. We (are speaking, were speaking, speak) English a lit-
tle. 7. There (is, are, will be) 26 letters in the alphabet. 8. They (is, has, are) at a
lesson now. 9. He (is visiting, visits, visited) the Bolshoy Theater. 10. I (do, was
doing, am doing, will do) my English yesterday at 6 p.m.
77
Упражнение 12. Откройте скобки, использовав Past Perfect, Past
Simple or Past Continuous.
1. Be six o’clock yesterday I (to do) my homework and at six I (to watch) a
film.
2. By two o’clock the boy (to come) home and at two he (to have) dinner.
3. The father (to come) home by six o’clock.
4. When I (to ring) him up, he already (to do) his homework.
5. When we (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave).
6. He (to thank) me for what I (to do) for him.
7. The telegram (to arrive) five minutes after you (to leave) the house.
8. Suddenly I (to remember) that I (to leave) my exercise book at home.
Упражнение 13. Вставьте глагол во времени Future Perfect.
1. I ________ in London next September. (be)
2. By Tuesday Jill ________ these novels by O’Henry. (finish)
3. Next year is Fred and Kate’s 10th wedding anniversary. They _________
happily married for ten years. (be)
4. Molly thinks the film _________ by the time she gets to Fred’s. (to start)
5. They _________ the plans by then. (to finish)
6. Before his holiday Tom _______ all his money. (to spend)
7. The train _________ by the time the couple get to the station. (to leave)
8. I __________ dinner by then. (cook)
9. I _______my chemistry homework before Jillian comes home. (finish)
10. Fernando __________ his operation by August and should be much fit-
ter. (have).
Упражнение 14. Переведите предложения на английский язык, ис-
пользуя Future Perfect.
1
.
Майкл закончит этот отчет до завтра.
2. Студенты доделают работу к трем часам по полудню.
3. К июню мы сдадим сессию.
4. Строители построят школу к началу сентября.
5. Я напишу заявление к тому времени, как приедет секретарь.
6. Поезд уйдет, пока мы доберемся до станции.
7. Зоя переведет этот доклад к понедельнику.
8. К ночи Меган переведет эту длинную статью.
9. Стивен уже уедет в Париж, когда Молли вернется из Конго.
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