Tate Gallery
The idea of the Tate Gallery
took shape in 1890. In that year
Henry Tate's gift of sixty-five paint-
ings and two sculptures, almost all
of them the work of Victorian con-
temporaries, was offered to the na-
tion, but a gallery had still to be
built to house them. When opened
seven years later the Tate Gallery
consisted of eight rooms and was
intended as a collection of contemporary British painting only.
In the intervening years the scope of the collection has been transformed, as
well as enlarged. Instead of being a collection of nineteenth-century British paint-
ings, it has become the national collection of British" painting of all periods and, in
addition to this, the national collection of modern foreign painting, and the national
collection of modern sculpture, both British and foreign. Instead of seventy works,
the collection contains over four thousand British paintings and drawings, over
three hundred and fifty modern foreign paintings and over four hundred pieces of
modern sculpture.
35
London Transport Museum
Among the vehicles on dis-
play at the London Transport Mu-
seum is the first underground elec-
tric train, which had no windows
because there was nothing to see
underground. The trouble was that
no one could tell which stop they
were at, a glitch resolved by em-
ploying an athletic announcer who
ran to each carriage at every station,
shouting out the stops. Dating from 1890, this is one of several museum exhibits
you can board. The design gallery is a tribute to Frank Pick, the man responsible
for rolling out the London Underground brand and giving each line its own charac-
ter. For children, the London Transport Museum has an under-fives play area deco-
rated with Steven Appleby illustrations and the chance to sit in the driver's cab of a
red bus and guide a Northern Line simulator through tunnels and up to platforms –
(truth be told, it's fun for adults, too).
The Building of Bath Museum
The Huntingdon Heritage
Centre was reincarnated as the
Building of Bath Museum in 1992,
to provide a permanent home for a
very successful temporary exhibi-
tion on the Building of Bath in
London. Today the museum is
known as the Building of Bath Col-
lection and it features a display about the life of Lady Huntingdon in addition to
the permanent collection.
Beckford’s Tower
Beckford’s Tower was de-
signed
by
Henry
Edmund
Goodridge in 1825 and completed
in 1827 for William Beckford
(1760-1844), one of the nation’s
most accomplished and interesting
characters. The 120-foot neo-
classical Tower, which enjoys un-
interrupted views of the country-
side, was constructed as a study
retreat and to house Beckford’s precious collection of art and rare books.
36
The Tower is now home to a museum collection displaying furniture originally
made for the Tower, alongside paintings, prints and objects illustrating William
Beckford’s life as a writer, collector and patron of the arts.
The Victoria and Albert Mu-
seum
It is the third longest Museum
Exhibition Road Avenue, contains a
collection of different cultures and
different themes, including: ceram-
ics, glass, textiles, silver, jewelry,
sculpture, architecture, painting and
others. Founded in 1852, one of its
main attractions is the architecture
of the museum, carvings and de-
signs of great artists.
Imperial War Museum
The headquarters of the war
museum in London and has the
theme of the First World War and
to a lesser extent on the Second
World War; belongs to the national
war museum. Over the years since
it was founded in 1917, was grow-
ing and taking more seats of which
3 are in London and two in the rest
of the country.
AT 'NO.10'
10 Downing Street, the locale
of British prime ministers since
1735, vies with the White House as
being the most important political
building anywhere in the world in
the modern era. Behind its black
door have been taken the most im-
portant decisions affecting Britain
for the last 275 years. In the 20th
century alone, the First and Second
World Wars were directed from
within it, as were the key decisions
about the end of the empire, the building of the British nuclear bomb, the handling
of economic crises from the Great Depression in 1929 to the great recession, and
37
the building up of the welfare state. Some of the most famous political figures of
modern history have lived and worked in Number 10, including Robert Walpole,
Pitt the Younger, Benjamin Disraeli, William Gladstone, David Lloyd George,
Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. Number 10 has 3 overlapping func-
tions. It is the official residence of the British Prime Minister: it is their office, and
it is also the place where the Prime Minister entertains guests from Her Majesty the
Queen to presidents of the United States and other world leaders. The Prime Minis-
ter hosts countless receptions and events for a whole range of British and overseas
guests, with charitable receptions high up the list. The building is much larger than
it appears from its frontage. The hall with the chequered floor immediately behind
the front door lets on to a warren of rooms and staircases. The house in Downing
Street was joined to a more spacious and elegant building behind it in the early
18th century. Number 10 has also spread itself out to the left of the front door, and
has taken over much of 12 Downing Street, which is accessed by a corridor that
runs through 11 Downing Street – the official residence of the Chancellor of the
Exchequer.
The Royal Academy
Behind an Augustan facade
off London's Piccadilly lies a treas-
ure house of beauty and color. This
is Burlington House—the home of
the Royal Academy of Arts since
1869, whose exhibitions attract
thousands of visitors every year.
The Royal Academy's services to
the arts began nearly 200 years ago.
In 1768 a group of leading painters,
sculptors and architects presented a
memorial to King George III, seeking his interest in promoting an institution dedi-
cated to encouraging art through a school of design and the holding of an annual
exhibition of contemporary work. By his Instrument of Foundation, the young art-
loving monarch graciously declared his patronage, protection and support. The
progenitor of the Royal Academy and its first President was Sir Joshua Reynolds,
whose statue—palette and brush in hand—purveys the fore-court of Burlington
House. He was President for 24 years until his death.
The Academy's prime purpose is teaching art to a number of Britain's most
talented students. About 100 students attend the Academy Schools. They are se-
lected by competitive examination from young men and women who have spent
two or more years at London or provincial art schools, so there is intense competi-
tion for entry. Since 1768 some 6,500 artists and architects have been trained in the
Schools of Painting and Drawing, Sculpture and Architecture.
The two principal public attractions of the Royal Academy are the famous
series of Winter Exhibitions and the annual Summer Exhibition. From time to time
38
the Academy also organizes special exhibitions in its smaller Diploma Gallery,
which fakes its name from the "diploma works" which every Royal Academician
must present on election.
The British library
The British Library in Lon-
don is the national library of the
United Kingdom. It is also one of
the World's greatest libraries and
contains an astonishing 150 million
items with a copy of every new
publication in the UK and Ireland
being added to the collection each
year.
The library is open to every-
one who has a genuine need to use
its collections and a reader pass needs to be obtained before you can access the
reading rooms. The library houses a diverse collection of material including manu-
scripts, maps, newspapers, magazines, prints and drawings, music scores, and pa-
tents. Some from as early as 300 BC. The general public can see important works
like the Magna Carta, Captain Cook's journal, Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, Geof-
frey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, Beowulf, Virginia Woolf's Mrs Dalloway, Lewis
Carroll's Alice's Adventures Under Ground, Jane Austen's History of England and
Rudyard Kipling's Just So Stories, for free in the Sir John Ritblat Gallery.
The Houses of Parliament
Its official name is the
Palace of Westminster. Most of
the building was built in 1840 af-
ter the fire of 1834 destroyed the
old palace. At the north end of
the building, by Westminster
Bridge, there is the famous clock
tower, Big Ben. In fact, Big Ben
is really the name of the bell in
the tower, not of the clock. Big
Ben is the largest of the six bells of Westminster Palace in London. But it has
long been associated with the name of the Clock Tower, which in September
2012 was officially called “Elizabeth Tower”. The decision to rename the tower
was made by the British Parliament to mark the 60th anniversary of the reign of
Queen Elizabeth II. The tower was built in 1858. The project architect was Au-
39
gustus Pugin. The height of the tower and spire is 96.3 m. The Palace of West-
minster, and therefore the tower, is on the Parliament square next to Westminster
Abbey. On the opposite side of the palace there is the Thames embankment.
The Tower of London
The Tower of London is a
very old building in London. It is
nine hundred years old. The Tow-
er of London stands on the
Thames. In the early days of the
history of England the English
kings lived in the Tower. Then it
was a prison where many people
died, black ravens had much food
near the walls of the Tower in those years. The black ravens live in the gardens of
the Tower now. The English people like them very much. A man looks after the
ravens and gives them meat in the morning and in the evening. Now the Tower of
London is a museum and many people from other countries come to see it. They
see the dark stone halls with small windows and thick doors.
The Natural History Museum
It's situated in Kensington and is
one of London's greatest muse-
ums. The collections related to
Natural specimens and Earth Sci-
ences have been held here, and it
is among the largest museums in
the world, holding more than 70
million items. The main purpose
of this museum is research in the areas of Zoology, Mineralogy, Entomology,
Paleontology and Botany. The museum has produced some quality and world re-
nowned researches in these areas. The collection of dinosaur skeletons present in
the museum earns it great popularity in the world as compared to the other items
it holds.
40
The museum of Madame Tussaud
Tussaud and her successors have fashioned literally thousands of replicas of
famous people. Visitors can view world leaders, actors/actresses, sports legends,
famous writers and artists, religious figures, musicians, and a host of other charac-
ters. Besides those displays there are also several themed sections in the museum
including the Chamber of Horrors and an taxi ride for a journey through history.
While the London museum has a decidedly British slant, visitors from all over the
world will recognize a majority of the characters.
The Royal Observatory, Greenwich
The
Royal
Observatory,
Greenwich
(known as the Royal Greenwich Ob-
servatory or RGO when the working
institution moved from Greenwich to
Herstmonceux after World War II) is
an observatory situated on a hill in
Greenwich Park, overlooking the
River Thames. It played a major role
in the history of astronomy and nav-
igation, and is best known as the lo-
cation of the prime meridian. The
Observatory contains telescopes and displays about astronomy, including Halley's
Comet and Black Holes.
41
Westminster Abbey
The Collegiate Church of St
Peter at Westminster, popularly
known as Westminster Abbey, is a
large, mainly Gothic church, in the
City of Westminster, London, lo-
cated just to the west of the Palace
of Westminster. It is the traditional
place of coronation and burial site
for English, later British and later
still (and currently) monarchs of the
Commonwealth realms. The abbey is a Royal Peculiar and briefly held the status
of a cathedral from 1540 to 1550.
The British museum
The British Museum in London is one of the world's largest museums of
human history and culture. Its collections, which number more than seven million
objects from all continents, illus-
trate and document the story of
human culture from its beginning
to the present. As with all other
national museums and art galleries
in Britain, the museum charges no
admission fee, although charges
are levied for some temporary
special exhibitions. The museum was established in 1753, based largely on the
collections of the physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane. It was first opened to
the public on January 15, 1759, in Montagu House in Bloomsbury. Until 1997,
when the British Library opened to the public, the British Museum was unique in
that it housed both a national museum of antiquities and a national library in the
same building. From its founding, the museum has endeavored to promote uni-
versal understanding through the arts, natural history, and science.
6. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the London's largest and most fashionable park?
2. What is one of the nerve-centers of London?
3. Why it was named Trafalgar Square?
4. What is the main feature of the Trafalgar Square?
5. Whose statue can you see here too?
6. Tell us amusing story of the statue of Charles I.
7. When did the idea of the Tate Gallery take shape?
8. Why is it called Tate Gallery?
42
9. Who was Frank Pick?
10. What has the London Transport Museum for children?
11. What building was reincarnated as the Building of Bath Museum in
1992?
12. What is Beckford’s Tower now?
13. Where can you see ceramics, glass, textiles, silver, jewelry, sculpture,
architecture, painting and others?
14. Where is the Imperial War museum situated?
15. Where have the most important decisions affecting Britain been taken
for the last 275 years?
16. What events were directed from within it in the 20th century?
17. Who has worked and lived in Number 10?
18. How many overlapping functions have Number 10? What are they?
19. What can you tell about the house in Downing Street?
20. Where is the Royal Academy situated?
21. When did a group of leading painters, sculptors and architects present a
memorial to King George III?
22. Who was President of the Royal Academy for 24 years?
23. How many items does the British Library contain?
24. What materials are there in the British Library?
25. Is Big Ben the largest of the six bells of Westminster Palace
?
26. What is one of London's greatest museums?
27. Where can you see the famous waxworks?
28. Where is the Royal Observatory situated?
29. When was established The British Museum in London?
7. Read and translate the following text.
Theatres in London
There are over three dozen
major theatres, most concentrated in
the West End . West End theatres
are commercial ventures that host-
predominantly
Musical
Theatre
shows but genres such as comedy
and serious drama are sometimes
shown. The subsidised or non-
commercial theatre is vibrant in the capital with theatres like the National Theatre
and Shakespeare's Globe both of which are based on the South Bank, the Barbican
in the city, the Royal Court Theatre in Chelsea which specialises in new drama,
43
and the Old Vic; and Young Vic, both in Lambeth. The Royal Shakespeare Com-
pany which is based in Stratford, presents seasons in London as well. Smaller
fringe theatres like Battersea Arts Centre, Bloomsbury Theatre, Almeida Theatre
and Tricycle Theatre are also popular. The capital also boasts a successful dance
and physical theatre scene, home to two ballet companies; the Royal Ballet based
at the Royal Opera House and English National Ballet based in Kensington, per-
forming at the London Coliseum. Sadler's Wells Theatre on Rosebery Avenue in
Islington exclusively shows dance performances throughout the year ranging from
existing and new Contemporary companies, Musical Theatre, and touring ballet
companies. Dance performances also take place at the Barbican Centre, Peacock
Theatre (Sadler's Wells), and the Queen Elizabeth Hall. Rambert, Richard Alston
Dance Company, Candoco, and Siobhan Davies Dance are all based in London as
well as choreographers such as Matthew Bourne, Wayne McGregor, Lloyd New-
son, Akram Kahn and Hofesh Shechter also basing their companies within the cap-
ital.
8. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the London's largest and most fashionable park?
2. Is Big Ben the largest of the six bells of Westminster Palace?
3. What is one of London's greatest museums?
4. Where can you see the famous waxworks?
5. Where is the Royal Observatory situated?
6. When was established The British Museum in London?
7. What theaters in London do you know?
9. Listen the dialogue “London Attractions” and complete it.
Jack: London is an amazing city!
Don't you think Mike?
Джек: ….
Mike: …
Майк: Да, несомненно. Мы здесь уже пя-
тый день, а до сих пор и половины его до-
стопримечательностей не видели.
Jack: In my opinion, if you want to
see all of London, you need to stay
here at least for a month.
Джек: ...
Jack: …
Джек: А что бы ты хотел узнать? Я могу
тебе рассказать. Я купил книгу о досто-
примечательностях Лондона до приезда
сюда.
Mike: Can you tell me a bit more
about Westminster Abbey? I really
Майк:
44
liked the gothic style of this out-
standing building.
Jack:
Джек: Посмотрим. Вот, нашёл. В моей
книге написано, что это одно из самых
примечательных религиозных сооружений
Великобритании. Его веками использова-
ли в качестве места для коронации и по-
гребений многие английские монархи.
Mike: When was it built?
Майк:
Jack:
Джек: В 10-м веке, но современное здание
церкви было построено Генри III в 1245-м
году.
Mike: I've heard that many famous
Englishmen were buried in West-
minster Abbey.
Майк:
Jack:
Джек: Да, так и есть. К ним относятся
Джефри Чосер, Исаак Ньютон, Чарльз
Дарвин и другие.
Mike: Does your book say any-
thing about the Tower of London?
Майк:
Jack: Sure. It's a historical castle,
which has played a prominent role
in English history. It has served as
a royal palace, prison and place of
execution, fortress, arsenal, jewel
house and even a zoo for exotic
animals. This is where
AnneBoleyn was be headed.
Джек:
Mike:
Майк: Как интересно! А ты не знаешь куда
мы сегодня пойдем?
Jack: The guide said we were go-
ing to see Madame Tussaud's mu-
seum and the Tate Gallery. How-
ever, I think it's almost impossible
to see such an immense art collec-
tion in just one day.
Джек:
Mike: I agree. We'll be running
around as usually. Let's learn some
information about these sights in
advance.
Майк: Согласен. Будем бегать как обычно.
Давай заранее прочитаем немного об этих
достопримечательностях.
Mike: How about the Tate Gal-
lery?
Майк:
45
Jack: It was founded in 1897 and
contains the largest collection of
British art. Until 1932 it was
known as the National Gallery of
British Art. Then the gallery was
renamed after Henry Tate who was
a sugar magnate and one of the
people who laid the foundations
for the collection. Today people
call it Tate Britain.
Джек:
Mike:
Майк: Понятно. Какие ещё достопримеча-
тельности мы собираемся посетить до
конца недели?
Jack: Our guide said we will defi-
nitely see the official London resi-
dence of modern English mon-
archs - Buckingham Palace.
Джек:
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: |