Современные методы и технологии преподавания иностранных языков
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Sovremennye metody i tekhnologii prepodavaniya inostrannykh yazykov
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education, pedagogical process, language teaching, communi- cative competence, foreign language for professional purposes. Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются общие тенденции в мировом и российском образовании, а также принципы и методы формирования про- фессиональных, коммуникативных, межкультурных компетенций в про- цессе преподавания профессионально-ориентированного иностранного языка на инженерных, экономических и других неязыковых специальностей в техническом университете. Анализируются некоторые существенные ас- пекты этих компетенций, в том числе, осознание педагогических ценностей, построение педагогического процесса, педагогическое общение и поведе- ние; педагогическая технология, ее сущность, структурные составляющие, применение инновационных технологий в профессиональной деятельности, требования к проектированию и разработке педагогических технологий. Ключевые слова: обучение, педагогический процесс, обучение языку, коммуникативная компетенция, иностранный язык для профессио- нальных целей. In modern society, specialists with abilities and skills that allow a profes- sional to be more maneuverable and successful in present conditions of market relations, carrying out effectively lots of labor activity, being at the same time quite socially adapted, is in great demand. The purpose of the article is the need to determine the scientific and practi- cal importance of the professional competence of the student and teacher as direct interacting initiators and participants within the educational process, its develop- ment, in turn, is a prerequisite for the further professional formation of a future specialist. Prospects for the development of education are due to both the use of inno- vative methods and technologies in the meaningfulness of the educational pro- cess, and the growth of the teacher’s professional competence [2, p. 109]. Re- cently, in psychological and pedagogical research, the issue of forming a profes- sionally competent working specialist in any area of modern production has be- come particularly relevant. Within recent social environment, the model of socio- psychological of a competent specialist lays the emphasis on such personality- psychological qualities as independence in solving complex problems, autono- mous use of knowledge, skills, discipline, a satisfactory image of one's self; the ability to conduct coordinated communication, management of personal commu- nication in a team, the internal need for self-development. Great importance can be assigned to a communication process, in the im- plementation of one of the important functional properties of professional com- petence, namely, the one that integrates development of creative abilities, so in- genious communication it takes place both internally and at the intercultural level, implying the usage of a foreign language. The new many-sided and all-around world puts forward new requirements to a successful application procedure in 30 general and work with personnel in particular [9]. As far as a distinctive feature of the present state of affairs in various fields of economy, business is the presence of joint ventures and / or all kinds of rela- tions with foreign partners, so it is hard to imagine communication with the per- sonnel without a foreign language, as a means of communication. Almost every- one agrees that for modern managers, English is not a luxury, but a tool to do some efficient work in the professional sphere. The competence can be considered as the formation of the ability, for the qualitative functioning of an employee, in the field of a particular discipline ap- plying some special knowledge, skills, ways of thinking, awareness of responsi- bility for their own actions aimed at organizing and applying creative abilities in a professional sphere. Of great importance in the implementation of the functional properties of a professional and personal competence, integrating the develop- ment of creative abilities, is the communication process [8, p. 41]. The role of personal, business and professional communication, which is growing in the modern world, is manifested both in real live communication, and in a form of electronic communication via email, social networks, instant or chart messengers and their options, print, audio and even video messages, as well as internal options phone calls. The indicated possibilities of communicative re- sources imply the expansion of the external boundaries of communication to al- most global limits. That is, participants in such a wide range of interactions need to use a foreign language to carry out both personal and industrial-business com- munication. Such a need entails an increase in demand for workers in the profes- sional non-linguistic spheres such as technical, engineering, economic, which are able to carry out the communication process using knowledge of a foreign lan- guage. User functioning of a foreign language makes it possible to expand the scope of the employee’s business activity. Modern requirements put forward to specialists suggest modern, innovative approaches to teaching, in particular, Eng- lish [10, p. 300]. One of such approaches in teaching English may be methodo- logical management. The effectiveness of methodological management is deter- mined by its functions (forecasting, planning, development and decision-making, organization, control accounting), which are aimed at implementing some neces- sary stages of managing activity in training [3, p. 73]. Along with the increase of a number of foreign language users among the future specialists right in their professional activities, a very important issue is the prospect of fruitful interaction between a foreign language teacher and students of non-linguistic specialties in the field of the professional orientation of the learn- ing process and as a result of improving the quality of forthcoming activities of a future specialist according to the specialty. So, language education on a professional technical basis within non-lin- guistic specialties is becoming an important component which takes part in creat- ing the effective life of a future specialist in the global multilingual and multicul- tural space of the human community. “English plays a large role in the life of modern students, as it is the dominant language of international communication, 31 trade, cooperation and business. The development of modern IT technologies not only contributes to the development of a foreign language, but also emphasizes its relevance [6, p. 47]. The increase in information and communication resources in language pro- fessional training contributes to the formation of a foreign language to be a real means of communication between future specialists and foreign-language col- leagues. When implementing a functional-communicative approach, specially- oriented types of speech activity are developed with the aim of mastering a foreign language in line with the specifics of a future profession within the framework of developing the professional competence of students. Attracting a socio-cultural approach means the cultural development of a future young specialist, contrib- uting to building successful business activity in the proposed conditions of inter- cultural communication, and an indicator of the presence of such ability is an in- tercultural competence, complementing the professional one from the position of inter-lingual, language-oriented professional communication in the framework of effective professional activities [9]. Functional-communicative, socio-cultural approaches and IT modern tech- nologies involved in the formation of professionally oriented competence are fo- cused on the student’s personal characteristics, self-improvement, and develop- ment of the individual creative potential [5, p. 408]. Specially oriented language training in the framework of non-linguistic technical, economic and other specialties gives students the opportunity to act in the future as a mediator between different languages and cultures in business and socio-cultural spheres, that is, it becomes a kind of tool for the formation of social mobility, activity and adaptability of a young specialist’s consciousness. To accomplish such a task of social adaptation and professional self-reali- zation, it is necessary to use an interdisciplinary approach in teaching foreign lan- guage for professional purposes, which is a coordinated, equivalent, mutually contributing interplay of educational disciplines, combined by one whole educa- tional and didactic system. Such an implementation of interdisciplinary relations provides the basis for the formation of communicative and professional competencies, which in turn be- comes the key to high-quality teaching of a foreign language in non-linguistic specialties [1]. For example, when creating a work program with foreign language for professional purposes teaching, it should be noted that the use of a foreign language of a specialty helps to improve the professional competence of a future specialist, namely, broadens the horizons in the process of obtaining information in a foreign language and, accordingly, improves the quality and level of business or industrial sphere of communication. Professionally-oriented language education in the conditions of a non-lan- guage educational environment is the process of developing the ability to: use an additional foreign language as a communication tool in the field of professional activity, taking into account its non-language specificity; recognize a foreign lan- guage professional culture; to build an adequate thought-out tolerant dialogue 32 with participants in the inter-lingual process of communication [7, p. 94]. The implementation of intercultural competence presupposes the ability, of students, to maintain a communicative interaction in order to realize certain personal and professional intentions in reality, cooperate calmly within the framework of di- verse situational communication. So, it is necessary to form in future specialists the ability to put into practice a foreign language interpretation of the linguistic picture of the world and specialty with a further direct and easy access into the open information and communication space of professional activities. The process of combining the perception of the world fragments through linguistically de- signed language of the specialty is happening by means of a foreign language as a speech tool for a fragmented expression of the original native and newly emerg- ing, re-cognizable linguistic worldview and the specialty itself within a large com- municatively designed space of modern reality [4]. Thus, linguistic education in the conditions of a non-linguistic university acts as an important instrument for the successful functioning of a person in a multilingual and multicultural community of people. In the era of the development of information technologies leading to the modernization of both global and Rus- sian education, it is necessary to develop new effective principles for the for- mation and effective coordinated implementation of communicative-language and professional competencies for foreign language for professional purposes in non-linguistic specialties and areas. жүктеу/скачать 4,43 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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