Implications for classroom layout:
Pupils will need ease of access around the room in order to find other people with a part of
their jigsaw. Alternatively, groups which have already been allocated may be given their
jigsaw to assemble at desks.
How does it work?
1. Beforehand, the facilitator creates a jigsaw with a set of challenges written on it.
Example answers and questions:
1066 (When was the Battle of Hastings?)
Angela Merkel (Who is the first female German Chancellor?)
Humiliated (How did black people in South Africa feel during Apartheid
whenthey weren’t allowed on the buses?)
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This may be created simply on A4 paper/cardboard and cut into pieces or by using an IT
application.
2. Pupils receive a piece of the jigsaw.
3. Pupils must move around the room to find others with a piece of their jigsaw.
Jigsaws, for example, may be colour-coded.
4. Once pupils have found their random group, they work as a team to put the jigsaw together
and to complete the challenges.
5. The facilitator may wish to set a time limit to add an element of competition.
6. A debrief after this activity may be beneficial.
7. This activity could be followed by an extension task such as Opinion Finders.
JUST A MINUTE
Skills
Managing Information
Self-Management
Thinking
What is it?
This activity encourages pupils to select and present key information from researched
material. It also fosters active listening skills and may be linked with the Hot Seating
technique.
Implications for classroom layout
A single hot seat should be placed facing the group. Alternatively, in order to facilitate more
relaxed interaction, the hot seat might be placed in the middle of a circle.
How does it work?
1. Pupils research a relevant topic and highlight what they consider to be key information.
Pupils could research the role in groups or individually.
Icebreaker:
Write down the name of everybody in your group.
Each person in the group draws a picture of their favourite hobby.
Find out one claim to fame from each person.
Topic: Safety in the Laboratory
Write down two important rules when moving around the lab.
Think about fi ve dangers which you may come across in the lab.
Note three safety precautions to prevent accidents.
History:
Write down two big events in your life in the past year.
Write down three big news events in the past year.
Think about what we may have learned from these events.
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2. After adequate research time, pupils are hot-seated and asked to present their key
findings/information in just one minute.
3. Other pupils must listen carefully – if they suspect hesitation, deviation or repetition they
may challenge the person in the hot seat. If a challenge occurs, timing is stopped for its
duration.
4. A facilitator or group of facilitators must decide whether the challenge is valid and justify
their decision.
5. If the challenge is deemed to be valid, the pupil in the hot seat is out and must leave the
seat. The pupil who made the challenge receives a point.
6. If the challenge is rejected, the pupil continues until another challenge is made or until the
minute is up. If the pupil manages to stay in the seat until the end they receive a point.
7. As an extension activity, pupils may do a Mind Map to bring together and to structure all
the information they have gathered during the course of the activity.
MIND MAPS
Skills
Managing Information
Self-Management
Thinking
Being Creative
What is it?
Just like the brain stores information by connecting tree-like branches, learning is most
effective when connections are made and then structured. Mind Maps reflect this and are
useful as planning and revision tools. They appeal to different learning styles such as visual
and kinaesthetic and encourage pupils to think about connections in their learning content.
They oblige pupils to use both sides of the brain. If used for planning, they can be added to
and extended as the topic continues. See the Consequence Wheel and Fishbone Strategy for
similar visual activities which ask pupils to think about cause and effect.
How does it work?
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1.
Pupils write the main topic or issue in the centre of a large page.
2. Using branches, pupils draw the main ideas around the central concept, connecting them to
the centre. Pupils could use a different colour for each main idea and highlighters to underline
key words and concepts. Pupils could also add images to enhance further the visual aspect of
their map.
3. Pupils draw sub-branches in order to highlight ideas connected to the main branch.
4. If used as a revision tool, pupils might want to use the mind map as a springboard for more
extensive revision. They might, for example, wish to develop revision notes on a postcard –
one postcard for each sub-branch. These postcards could contain the same colours and images
as the relevant sub-branch on their mind map.
5. A debrief after completion of the mind map may encourage pupils to think about why they
clustered particular ideas together as well as how the map has clarified their thinking.
MIND MOVIES
Skills
Being Creative
Thinking, Decision-Making, Problem-Solving
What is it?
This creative activity can be a useful tool for introducing a topic, encouraging pupils to
engage in discussion about a particular issue and sharing ideas.
How does it work?
1. Pupils close their eyes.
2. The facilitator reads a short story or explains a scenario to the class.
3. Pupils are asked to imagine what is happening or what is being explained in their minds.
4. Once the story or explanation has been completed, pupils are asked to continue where the
reader left off and develop the story/scene in their minds for a further period of time.
5. Pupils then describe, either in groups or as a whole class, what developments took place in
their mind movies. This might be a good way to develop discussion on issues.
Example Topics for mind-mapping:
Geography: rivers
Kazakh language: characters or themes in a book
History: the Armada
Foreign Languages: vocabulary based on the context ‘leisure’.
Example Scenarios:
A Human Rights issue
A peer pressure story (boy encouraged by friends to steal from a shop)
A simple story in a Foreign Language
The execution of Marie Antoinette.
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6. This activity might be used to encourage pupils to think about alternatives to different
scenarios. Pupils’ mind movies could be built upon using a Consider All Factors or Plus-
Minus-Interesting activity.
MYSTERIES
Skills
Thinking, Decision-Making, Problem-Solving
Working with Others
What is it?
This activity asks pupils to use problem-solving and decision-making skills to solve a
mystery, make a decision or explore potential explanations for an event. This activity will
include a debriefing session afterwards. The method encourages pupils to produce reasoned
arguments, based on knowledge and understanding of an issue, as well as sound evidence.
Implications for classroom layout
This activity might be undertaken in a large group with pupils sitting in a circle or semi-
circle, or in small groups around a desk.
How does it work?
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1. Pupils are given a set of 20 to 30 statements about a particular issue. If this is a whole-class
activity, each pupil might be given one statement which they read out to the group.
Alternatively, pupils in small groups might be allocated a set of statements.
2. If the statements will lead to a decision being made by the group, pupils could be
encouraged to consider each statement in turn in order to establish its meaning and to discuss
all possible factors.
• After time for group discussion, pupils should feed back on their decisions and justify them
effectively and articulately, using reasoned argument and evidence, if appropriate.
• In a possible debrief afterwards, pupils could concentrate on the processes that led to
decisions being made or problems being solved. How did groups arrive at a decision? Where
there a variety of opinions? How was consensus reached?
Were judgements justified effectively? Were judgements articulated effectively?
Were there allocated roles within the group and how effectively were these carried out?
ODD ONE OUT
Skills
Thinking, Decision-Making, Problem-Solving
Working with Others
Managing Information
What is it?
Odd One Out is a useful activity which can be incorporated at any point of a topic – as
a springboard for initial exploration of the topic or as a tool to consolidate knowledge.
It obliges pupils to think about the characteristics of words, sentences, ideas, places,
people or things – depending on the learning area in question. They are encouraged to
explore for themselves the similarities and differences between these things, to foster
an understanding of any other relationships between them and to categorise
accordingly.
How does it work?
Topic: Modern Languages – Subject Choices (statements in the target
language). Pupils must then discuss in the target language which subjects a
pupil should choose for ‘A’ level and why:
Jimbob is a keen athlete.
Jimbob’s geography teacher is very funny.
Jimbob hasn’t done his geography homework all week.
Jimbob would like to be rich in the future.
Jimbob loves good food but can’t cook very well.
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1. Pupils cluster in pairs or groups.
2. Pupils are given a set of key words/ideas/places/things or people, depending on the
learning area and topic. These may come, for example, in the form of a list or grid on an
Overhead Projector or hand-out.
3. Pupils must find the odd one out on each grid or list. Often there may be no right or wrong
answers and any word might be the odd one out. Pupils must, therefore, give a justified and
valid response as to why they chose a particular word and the nature of the relationship
between the other words on the list.
4. As an extension activity, pupils could suggest another related word to add to those which
are not odd ones out. Alternatively, pupils could think of their own odd one out list or grid.
5. A debrief afterwards might concentrate on how pupils made the connections between the
words, the processes involved and whether the group work has helped
pupils to see different connections which they otherwise might not have considered.
OPV (Other People’s Views)
Skills
Managing Information
Working with Others
Thinking, Problem-Solving, Decision-Making
What is it?
This method encourages pupils to view the other person’s/opposing point of view on a
particular issue or topic. Pupils think about how sharing opinions can help to gain new
perspectives on factors, consequences and objectives that underpin the issue in question.
Pupils think about how a particular point of view might be relevant for the person holding it,
but how it should not be imposed on others. See the Consider All Factors activity for ideas
on collating a list of comprehensive factors affecting an issue.
Implications for classroom layout
Topic: Modern Languages – My House (words in the target language)
bed, oven, fridge, TV, wardrobe, curtains, garage, chair, bath, bedside table.
-
Garage might be the odd one out because it is the only room;
-
Curtains might be an odd one out because all the rest either have a floor or
stand on the floor.
This activity can encourage discussion in the target language.
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If used in conjunction with a carousel activity, pupils might need to rotate in groups to
different desks in a room. Alternatively, pupils could remain seated and pass a flip chart sheet
to the group beside them after the allocated time.
How does it work?
1. The facilitator should discuss with pupils the importance of involving other people in
decision-making and problem-solving activities. People’s different backgrounds, interests,
understanding and values can enrich and broaden the perspectives of individuals and pupils
can gain an insight into the varying perspectives within a topic.
2. Pupils move around the class asking for opinions and noting them on a page. Once they
have five differing opinions, pupils summarise the opinions at the bottom of the page and say
which one they most agree with and why.
3. Once completed, pupils might rotate in groups and view the factors which other groups
have noted. They may wish to use the ‘Two Stars and a Wish’ strategy as a means of peer
assessment.
4. Pupils could then be given time to modify or add to their original opinions based on what
other groups have written on their sheets.
5. A debrief afterwards to bring together all factors as a whole group might be beneficial.
6. Further simulation activities such as Conscience Alley and Hassle Lines might be
employed at this point to develop certain opinions further and to encourage pupils to
articulate particular viewpoints.
PEOPLE BINGO
Skills
Working with Others
What is it?
This activity can be used as an icebreaker for new groups, as an introduction to a particular
topic or as a means of developing communicative skills. It requires movement and
communication with numerous others.
Implications for classroom layout
A large space is needed for ease of movement and interaction.
How does it work?
1. Everyone receives a Bingo sheet divided into squares of nine, twelve or sixteen.
Example OPV Scenario
A lawyer is defending a youth in court who is accused by his next-door
neighbour of breaking the window of his car. The youth is also accused of
terrorising the neighbourhood – throwing stones at windows, jumping on cars,
bullying younger children. Decide the different viewpoints which may exist in
this scenario and who might hold them.
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2. Each square contains a challenge relevant to the topic or purpose of the activity. For
example:
3. When pupils find a relevant person for a particular statement, they might ask that person
two
further questions of their own about the statement in question. This might be a good
opportunity for extended discussion. For example:
4. In a debrief afterwards the teacher might ask pupils what they remembered or an
interesting thing they learned from another pupil through the extension questions.
5. If time does not permit for the creation and photocopying of Bingo sheets, the teacher
might write numbered sentences onto a board, overhead projector or flip chart. Pupils could
then write the numbers down and put the name of the person they find next to the right one.
SIMULATION
Skills
Working with Others
Being Creative
Thinking, Decision-Making
What is it?
This creative role-play activity is a useful tool for encouraging pupils to engage in discussion
about a particular issue and to share information.
Implications for classroom layout
Room is needed for pupils to move around.
How does it work?
Group Icebreaker:
Find three people who have blue eyes.
Find three people who have visited America.
Find three people who have a pet dog.
Topic: Healthy Living
Find three people who cycle to school.
Find three people who eat organic food.
Find three people who drink more than three litres of water per day.
Topic: Healthy Living
Find a person who eats organic food.
Possible extension questions:
What organic food do you eat?
Why do you eat organic food?
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1. In simulation pupils react to a specific problem within a structured environment e.g. mock
court, parliamentary hearing, council meeting, facilitation meeting. It is extremely useful for
promoting expression of attitudes, opinions and values, fostering participation and developing
empathy. However, it might also be time-consuming as it requires a considerable amount of
preparation. The scenario should be relevant and realistic, provide adequate information to
give pupils a comfort zone when acting out their roles and build up pupil confidence by using
group simulations before they are asked to carry out individual role plays.
SNOWBALLING
Skills
Working with Others
Thinking, Problem-Solving, Decision-Making
What is it?
This technique enables pupils to think about their own responses to issues and gradually
begin a collaboration process with those around them to consider their thoughts on the same
theme. It is a useful way of encouraging less vocal pupils to share ideas initially in pairs and
then in larger groups. It also ensures that everyone’s views on an issue may be represented
and allows a whole class consensus to be arrived at without a whole class discussion.
Implications for classroom layout
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A large space is needed for ease of movement and interaction. Alternatively, pupils could
form clusters around desks and move seats accordingly.
How does it work?
1. A relevant question is asked or scenario described.
2. Pupils individually write down their thoughts, opinions and/or suggestions.
3. Pupils form pairs and compare answers. They discuss their positions and reach an agreed
or compromised position on the issue, which is then recorded.
4. Pupils move into groups of four and undertake a similar process. Another agreed position
is reached and noted.
5. The group of four becomes a group of eight and the process is repeated. A further agreed
position is reached.
6. As the groups get bigger it will be necessary to elect a spokesperson/facilitator, time-
keeper, resource manager, scribe, etc.
7. A final whole-class position is then discussed and justified.
8. The view of any pupil who objects strongly to the agreed position could be recorded if the
individual feels that their opinion is not adequately represented.
9. A debrief afterwards might explore not only knowledge and understanding, but also the
process of the activity: how did pupils come to a decision? How was compromise reached?
What skills were they using?
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