References
1 Kilmann R.H., Saxton M.J. The Kilmann-Saxton culture-gap survey. Pittsburgh, PA: Organizational Design Consultants,
1983.
2 Kilmann R.H., Saxton M.J., Serpa R. Gaining Control of the Corporate Culture. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1985.
3 Alvesson M. Organizational Theory and Technocratic - 13 Consciousness: Rationality, Ideology and Quality of Work. Berlin,
N.Y., 1987.
4 Deal Т., Kennedy A. Corporate Cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life, Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley Publishing
Co, 1982; Denison D. Corporate Culture and Organizational Effectiveness. New York: John Wiley. 1989.
5 Vasenina I., Cherniyaeva V., Jogary oku ornynyn corporativtik madenietinin korsetkishteri // Reseidegi jogary bilim. 2004.
№1. B. 76 - 82.
6 Nikulina I.E., Rimskaiya O.N. – Bilim beruge arnalgan kyzmetter sapasyn baskaru juiesindegi student, okytushy jane jumys
berushi, 2006. № 6. B. 46-52
7 Spivak V.A. Korporativtik madeniet. - СПб.: Питер, 2001. 352 b.
8 Ansupov A.I., Kovalev V.V. Kyzmetkerdi aleumettik-psihologiyalyk bagalau.– М.: Юнити-Дана, 2008. – 42 b.
9 Uord P. 360 gradus adisi. – М.: Hippo Publishing LTD, 2006.
10 Cuper L., Robertson I.T., Tinlain G. Kyzmetkerlerdi jaldau jane irikteu. Testileu jane bagalaudyn tehnologiyasy.– М.:
Verwina, 2009.
11 Birli U., Kozub T. 360 gradusta bagalau. Koshbasshylardy tarbieleuge arnalgan tehnika, taktika jane strategiyalar.– М.:
Eksmo, 2009
12 Robert V. Eihinger, Maikl M. Lombardo. «360 gradus» adistemesi boiynsha bilimdi tuiindeimiz // Kyzmetkerlerdi baskaru
boiynsha anyktamalyk, 2007. - №7.
13 Pankova N.M. Jogary universitettik bilimnin zamanaui konsepsiyasyndagy universitet missiyasy // Nomsk politehnikalyk
universitetinin habarlaru. – 2008. – Т. 312, №6. – B. 185–189.
14 Drantusova N.V., Kniyazev E.A., Sapany bagalau jogary bilimdegi baskarudyn kajetti elementi (etaby) retinde //
Universitettik baskaru: tajiribe jane analiz. 1999. №1 B.41-44
15 Beliyaev A. Universitettik korporativtik madeniet: teoriyadan tajiribege deiin //Reseidegi jogary bilim. 2007. № 10. B.
62-65.
16 Firsova S.P. Tehnikalyk universitetterdin bilim kenistigindegi korporativtik madenietin kalyptastyru, 201.
Ш.Е. Джаманбалаева, М. Маульшариф, Ш.М. Тленчиева. Оценка деятельности преподавателя коллегами в
структуре диагностики корпоративной культуры университета. Казахский национальный университет имени
аль-Фараби, г. Алматы.
Изучение феномена корпоративной культуры стало практической необходимостью для эффективного управления
учреждениями высшего образования. Корпоративная культура выступает одним из инструментов достижения вузом
высокой конкурентоспособности на рынке образовательных услуг.
В данной статье представлен опыт проведения анкетирования «Преподаватель глазами коллег» в Казахском
национальном университете имени аль-Фараби. В качестве методологической основы оценки деятельности
преподавателей взят метод «360 градусов». Данный метод предполагает оценку сотрудника со всех сторон -
руководителями, коллегами, подчиненными, клиентами и самооценка. В статье описаны результаты исследования,
полученные при оценке профессиональных и личностных качеств преподавателей их коллегами и руководителями. При
составлении анкеты нами учитывались учебный, методический, научный, общественный и этико-психологический
аспекты деятельности преподавателя. Главной трудностью анализа полученных данных на первом этапе исследования
оказалась субъективность оценки, на которую повлияли предвзятость коллег или личные особенности оцениваемого.
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В то же время такая методика, безусловно, служит инструментом саморазвития преподавателя или предметом
совместного с его руководителем анализа.
Ключевые слова: корпоративная культура, университет, преподаватель, оценка, диагностика.
Jamanbalaeva S.E., Maulsharif M., Tlenchiyeva S.M. Рerformance assessment of the teaching staff by the colleagues in
the structure of diagnostics of the university corporate culture. The Department of Sociology and Social Work, al-Farabi
Kazakh National University, Almaty.
Study of the phenomenon of corporate culture has become a practical necessity for effective management of higher education
institutions. Corporate culture is one of tools to achieve high competitiveness of the university at the education market.
As our scientific research is focused on corporate culture of the university as the central part of higher education system, this
article provides analysis of the university corporate culture in the context of performance assessment of education community by
other colleagues.
This scientific research aims to detect, theoretically justify and empirically diagnose the state of corporate culture of the
university teaching staff through its reflection in the emotional-psychological climate in the educational community and the
assessment of the lecturers’ character and professionalism. «360-degree» method was applied as methodological basis for
assessment of performance of lectures. This method assumes the assessment of an employee from all perspectives – by his managers,
colleagues, subordinates, etc. Main empirical research technique was the results of online research “Teaching staff as viewed by
colleagues”, which is held in the end of each semester. The online survey covered nearly all teaching staff of the Kazakh National
University. The article describes the research findings received during the assessment of professional and personal competencies
of lectures by their colleagues and managers. When designing the questionnaire, we considered the educational, methodical,
scientific, public, ethic and psychological aspects of lecturer’s activity. The main challenge in data analysis at the first stage of
study was the subjectivity of assessment which was affected by a bias of colleagues or personal features of the assessed lecturer.
At the same time, such method definitely serves as a tool for self-development of the lecturer or as a subject for joint analysis
with his/her manager.
Keywords: corporate culture, university, teaching staff, assessment, diagnostics.
Редакцияға 10.02.2016 қабылданды.
UDC 343.35(574)
N.B. ZHAPARKUL
1
, Z.Z. DAVLETBAYEVA
2
cand. law sciences., Associate Professor
1
, cand. soc. sciences
2
PREVENTION OF CORRUPATION IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
In the conditions of globalization of world economy, and also various internal and external challenges the role of her leader
and the reforms which are carried out by him is important.
Today on all indexes of the international organizations Kazakhstan improves the positions that is confirmation of its consecutive,
evolutionary development, based on the carried-out internal reforms.
In this article attempt to develop further ways of development of the country in the context of realization of a task of entry
into number 30 of the most competitive countries of the world is made. In this regard as major factors in achievement questions
of improvement of public administration, namely creating favorable conditions for business activity and transition of all state
services to an electronic format will act
Keywords: public administration, competitiveness, electronic services, perception of corruption, business.
The value of the reforms carried out in the framework of international ratings is considered to be high enough
to improve the economic status of Kazakhstan. Rating results make it possible to identify, classify the problems and
challenges of using them for effective strategic management of the economy and the state by attracting investment.
Particularly important are the Index of Kazakhstan in the Global Competitiveness and the Corruption Perceptions
Index.
In the ranking of global competitiveness (GCI) for 2014-2015 period by the World Economic Forum (WEF)
September 30, 2015, the Republic of Kazakhstan took the 42 place improving its index on the 8 positions compared
to last year’s ranking (50th place in 2014). Indexes of Kazakhstan rose to the level of the Baltic countries (Estonia,
Lithuania) respectively take 30 and 36 places.
Л.Н. Гумилев атындағы ЕҰУ Хабаршысы
568
Among the countries of the Customs Union the Republic of Kazakhstan occupies a position above the Russian
Federation (45th), Armenia (82 place), the Republic of Kyrgyzstan (102 place).
Table 1 – Rating GCI of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2014-2015.
Country
Rating 2015
Points
Rating 2014
Changes
Switzerland
1
5,76
1
0
Singapore
2
5,68
2
0
USA
3
5,61
3
0
Germany
4
5,53
5
+1
The Netherlands
5
5,50
8
+3
Japan
6
5,47
6
0
Hong Kong
7
5,46
7
0
Finland
8
5,45
4
-4
Sweden
9
5,43
10
+1
Великобритания
10
5,43
9
-1
Estonia
30
4,74
29
-1
Lithuania
36
4,55
41
+5
Azerbaijan
40
4,50
38
-2
Republic of
Kazakhstan
42
4,49
50
+8
Russian Federation
45
4,44
53
+8
Georgia
66
4,22
69
+3
Ukraine
79
4,03
76
-9
Kyrgyzstan
102
3,83
108
+6
In general, the dynamics of GIK in Kazakhstan in the first five years did not represent specific changes, there was
a decline from 61 seats in 2005 to 72 in 2010. From 2011 to 2015 there have been significant changes and the rating
of Kazakhstan in 2015 improved more than twice (72 in 2011 and 42 place in 2015) and rose to the level of developed
countries.
Figure 1 – Dynamics of Kazakhstan’s position in the ranking of GIC for 2005-2015.
GIC methodology is formed of 114 indicators, 34 of which are estimated on the results of statistical data of
international organizations while the rest – by the results of the interview with business executives. There are
determined 12 criteria of competitiveness on the basis of these indexes.
In the rating of GIC in 2015 was attended by 140 countries and the competitive factors were ranked in three
groups (basic requirements, factors of efficiency and innovation factors). It should be noted that in all three groups
Kazakhstan scored positive points.
The competitive advantages of the countries included in the WEF are indexes ranging in the rating GIC from 1
to 50 places. Kazakhstan possesses the advantages in 31 indexes of 114. Improvements are observed on 72 indexes,
reduction on 29 and no change on 4 indexes.
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Significant improvements in the rating GIC of Kazakhstan occurred by the following indexes: business
development, market efficiency products and services, innovation, institutions.
Deterioration of Kazakhstan GIC observed on indexes of “higher education technical training” - staff trainings,
the quality of schools management (-9), “technological availability” - mobile broadband users (-10).
One of the most serious barriers to doing business is corruption. In 2015, the share of respondents - contributing
corruption as a major obstacle, made 13.9% (in 2014 - 16.7%). Also, respondents identified the level of access of the
information - 13.9%, inflation - 13.3%, the tax regime - 10% and low-skilled workers - 7.4% [1].
Table 2 – Problematic factors in rating GIC of Kazakhstan 2015
Access to financing……….…………………………………………...
13,9
Corruption . ……………………………………………………………. 13,9
Inflation….………………………………………………………………. 13,3
Tax regime ……….……………………………………………………..
10
Low-skilled workers ……………………………………........................
7,4
The complexity of tax regulation ……….………………………………
7,1
Inefficient government bureaucracy …………..………………………
6,9
Insufficient capacity to innovate ……………………………………….
6,2
Low work ethics among employees ……….………………………….
4,4
Exchange control ………………………………………………………..
4,1
Inadequate infrastructure …………………………………………….
3,7
Limitation of labor regulation …………..……………………………..
3,2
Political instability …………….……………………………………….
2,2
Low level of health ……...………………………………………..........
1,9
Crime and theft ………………………………………………………...
0,9
State instability …………………….……………………………………
0,8
Taking into account the progress of Kazakhstan in GIC rating, it should be noted that by the public authorities and
the private sector are taken effective measures to ensure a high level of innovation, human resource and infrastructure
development of the country. However, there are problems in matters of higher education and vocational training,
technological development of broadband networks. Particular attention should be paid to anti-corruption and access
information on funding and transparency of business processes.
Transparency International rating “Corruption Perceptions Index 2015” (CPI) Kazakhstan scored 28 points (29
points in 2014) and took 123 place among 168 countries (126 among 175 countries in 2014), improving its position
compared to the previous year only to 3 positions.
The Baltic countries (Estonia -23 place, Lithuania -32, Latvia - 40) and Georgia - 48 place occupy high rating
CPI. Customs Union countries are in a certain isolation from Kazakhstan - Armenia (95), Belarus (107) Russia (119).
Table 3 – Rankinf of countries according to the CPI in 2015
Rating 2015
Rating 2014
Countries
Points 2015
Points 2014
Points 2013
1
1
Denmark
91
92
91
2
3
Finland
90
89
89
3
4
Sweden
89
87
89
4
2
New Zealand
88
91
91
5
8
The Netherlands
87
83
83
6
5
Norway
87
86
86
7
5
Switzerland
86
86
85
8
7
Singapore
85
84
86
9
10
Canada
83
81
81
10
9
Luxemburg
81
82
80
23
26
Estonia
70
69
68
32
39
Lithuania
61
58
57
40
43
Latvia
55
55
53
Л.Н. Гумилев атындағы ЕҰУ Хабаршысы
570
48
50
Georgia
52
52
49
95
94
Armenia
35
37
36
103
103
Moldavia
33
35
35
107
119
Belorussia
32
31
31
119
126
Azerbaijan
29
29
28
119
136
Russian Federation
29
27
28
123
126
Kazakhstan
28
29
26
123
136
Kyrgyzstan
28
27
24
130
142
Ukraine
27
26
25
153
166
Uzbekistan
19
18
17
TI index is compiled on the basis of surveys conducted among experts and the business community. Independent
expert organizations conducts survey engaged in the analysis of public administration and the business climate. TI
ranks world scale from 0 to 100 points based on the present information. Zero indicates the highest level of corruption
perception but a hundred - the smallest.
Kazakhstan’s position in the ranking of the CPI in the last five years from 2010 to 2015 did not improve (105 and
123 place), the high-level of corruption peak was observed in 2013 (140 place), there were minor changes in 2015
(123 place) [2].
Figure 2 – Dynamics of Kazakhstan’s position in the ranking of the CPI in 2010-2015.
The calculation of the CPI in Kazakhstan was carried out according to the eight international researches.
Major improvements in the ranking of the CPI in Kazakhstan in 2015 according to the TI experts were caused by
implementation reforms and adoption the draft laws in the field of anti-corruption, information access, transparency
and accountability of state agencies, improving the process of providing public services implemented within the
framework of the state program “100 concrete steps”.
Despite the minor improvements, among the reasons for which Kazakhstan continues to remain at the position
123 in the ranking of the CPI is that:
- Large national projects are implemented non-transparently and ineffectively. Often, performers are assigned to
unknown principles of society and cannot be selected through an open public competition. As a result, there are risks
of corruption and various offenses directly affecting the economic efficiency of the project and its future as a whole.
- Weakness of the legal rules governing the responsibility for non-declaration of income and assets, as well as
conflict of interest, allows offenders to evade responsibility and to get off the minimum punishment. This is largely
due to the fact that in the Republic of Kazakhstan legislation has still not been given due attention to the issues of
regulation of conflict of interest, declaration of income and receiving gifts.
- The growth of citizens’ distrust of the government associated with the growing economic crisis, the lack of
transparency and accountability of public authorities, dissatisfaction with the quality of public services, as well as
state policy in the field of combating corruption [2].
The essential problem observed in recent years in Kazakhstan - the growth of corruption in the business
environment. According to a recent study of the World Bank “Enterprise Surveys” revealed that every third
Kazakhstani businessman during activities directly or indirectly confronted with corruption [3].
However, the world does not stand still and every day in the world there are new challenges to which we must be
ready and to react to them in time. We believe that an important aspect in strengthening the position of Kazakhstan
in the rating of the CPI is the adoption of the following measures: simplification of business processes, reduction
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571
control and inspection services, the introduction of project management in the public administration, improving
public service delivery mechanisms through the introduction of new quality assessment tools.
The Leader of the Nation Nursultan Nazarbayev set new objectives, new standards - becoming one of the top thirty
developed countries, and the international rating of the country can allow to attract foreign investors. Accordingly,
the new development guidelines considers implementation of the Five institutional reforms aimed at increasing
public confidence in the government, the formation of the modern state apparatus, the rule of law and economic
development, unity and consent of the people [4].
Particular attention in the implementation of this program, we would like to be given to the formation of open
government, access to information, public administration-specific results and compact planning.
The efforts of all interested state and public organizations, as well as the legislative authority in implementation
the Five institutional reforms have adopted in 2015 80 laws and 59 entered into the force from 1 January, 2016. Below
are given the main ones: to implement have been adopted 80 laws and 59 of them from January 1, 2016 came into
effect are the main ones:
1) The Law of RK “On Access to Information” dated 16 November, 2015 № 401-V;
2) The Law of RK “On Combating Corruption” dated 18 November, 2015 № 410-V;
3) The Law of RK “On State Service” dated 23 November, 2015 № 416-V;
4) The Law of RK “On state purchases” dated 4 December, 2015 № 434-V;
5) Code of Ethics of civil servants of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 23 November, 2015 and other legislation.
[5]. The above mentioned questions as well as international experience allows us to make a conclusion that Kazakhstan
still has prospects in promoting reforms and the designation of new horizons in the issue of public administration as
the main instrument to combat corruption.
Of course, the proposals set out below are not included in laws and regulations but we believe that in the staging
aspect they will be examined further and will be reflected in the future. We would like to offer the following:
1) To transfer all the public services in an electronic format to provide statistical map data on the services. For
example, if a person needs to identify the child in a day care center at the place of registration one must know that with
the help of statistical map what kindergarden is located in close proximity to the place of registration, the quantity
of children on the waiting list together with the given child at the kindergarden. Also, the parent should be able to
choose, to determine the closest to him child center and on-line to see what kind of assistance is provided by the state
to this institution.
Kazakhstan has successful experience in implementation e-government but unfortunately not all areas of public
services have been transferred to the electronic format.
Further introduction of e-services will minimize corruption risks, make information available and will also
increase citizens’ confidence in the government, because in the online mode, each interested person can follow the
progress of execution of the document.
2) One of the important aspects of the development of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the present stage is to create
a favorable and comfortable conditions for entrepreneurial activity. In accordance with the Plan of the Nation - 100
steps to implement the Five institutional reforms in Kazakhstan the small and medium business should become a
driving force for further modernization of the economy and a major factor in the creation of an innovative economy
in the current unfavorable conditions on the main export range in Kazakhstan.
Developing the idea of an open government and accessible information, find it convenient to visualize, through
the media to demonstrate the possibility of doing business in the Republic of Kazakhstan by the following algorithm:
1. A person who registers his business through e-government, indicate his activity. The type of activity should be
classified according to the International Classification of the Goods and Services.
2. In turn, according to the classifier of the authorized state body, which carries out the state regulation of the
activity, the entrepreneur must provide a set of tools for doing business. This toolkit should consist of:
a) a business plan;
b) the possible sources of funding (e.g, development of institutions, venture capital funds, banks of the second
level, etc.);
c) the possible channels of sales in the domestic market and exports.
3. It is necessary to consider the possibility of reduction the control and inspection services by transferring them
into the category of additional tools for reducing the number of corruption risks and law violations. That is, they
must do what they are meant to do and not include the possibility of the infringement risk. Fire inspection activities
should prevent the possibility of fire at the stage of construction of a building or structure. Concerning the buildings
and facilities built earlier and having a fire hazard, the competent authorities should be ready to offer the plan for the
reconstruction with the determination of time and period of reconstruction. The same may apply to other inspection
and control authorities.
4. Also one of the prerequisites for the emergence of corruption risks is a control system when the potential
Л.Н. Гумилев атындағы ЕҰУ Хабаршысы
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entrepreneur or other person should find himself inspecting or control body as well as the licensing authority, giving
permission and consent to the completion of a procedure of checks and approvals in order to start practicing selected
type of business. In our view, the period of negotiation is part of a corrupt mechanism and has very high risk of
corruption. In this connection, it is proposed to replace the control system to a safe when the business entity after the
registration, by the e-mail address specified at the registration should receive the full toolkit for leading business with
the schedule algorithm of actions of the local executive body during one week.
Subject to the implementation of the above mentioned proposal, we will see the work of “the open government”,
“accessible information”, “public administration based on the concrete results and compact planning” of the
entrepreneurship. We hope that the ideas outlined above will be reflected in the governance system.
Kazakhstan has all the prerequisites and opportunities for the implementation of these initiatives but in case of the
further development of e-government, IT-technologies, public administration reforms.
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