HYDROGENATION OF SUNFLOWER OIL OVER PT/BASO
4
CATALYST FOR THE
PRODUCTION OF MARGARINES AND COOKING FATS
Kainaubek Toshtay
1
,
2*
Aliy B. Auyezov
1
1
Scientific Technology Park, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. Al-Farabi av., Almaty,
Kazakhstan,
2
School of chemical engineering, Kazakh-British Technical University.
Almaty, Kazakhstan
E-mail: chem-toshtai@mail.ru
1 Introduction
The catalytic Hydrogenation of vegetable oils are many practical applications as the fat and oil industry.
The most common forms are margarines, spread, cooking fats and shortening. These fats are desirable for its
melting point and oxidative stability.
All the double bond in natural liquid oils (sunflower, canola, soybean, safflower oil, etc.) have mainly
cis configuration. During the partial hydrogenation process, the cis configuration may isomerizes into a trans
configuration. As a result, up to 60% of trans isomer formed in the hydrogenated fats [1]. However, the
appearance of trans isomers in food is not desirable from the point view of the modern nutrition science
requirements. High intake of trans fatty acids has been associated with increased risk of coronary heart
disease, weaken the immune system, an
ТЧМЫОКЬОН ЫКЭТШ ЛОЭаООЧ LӛL (ЛКН) МСШХОЬЭОЫШХ КЧН HӛL (―РШШН‖)
cholesterol, promotes inflammation, the occurrence of diabetes and the risk of cancer [2,3].
The main challenge is now to develop more active and selective catalysts for the hydrogenation of
vegetable oils and to reduce the trans content of hydrogenated fat products that conform to international
standards. The present work concerns the synthesis, characterization and the activity of platinum supported
on BaSO
4
. The catalytic property was investigated in selective hydrogenation of sunflower oil.
2 Experimental/methodology
1.0wt.% Pt/BaSO
4
catalysts was prepared by the colloid adsorption method. An aqueous solution of
platinum nanoparticles stabilized by PVA, freshly prepared reducing agent sodium borohydride, then, Pt
colloids were adsorbed on BaSO
4
, Finally, the mixture was dried in an oven at 120
º
C for 12h. Hydrogenation
of sunflower oil was carried out in a Parr Reactor Model 4560 (Parr Instrument Co., Moline, IL, USA) at
various temperature 90,110,130
º
C respectively, under 5 atm hydrogen pressure and 800 rpm of agitation
speed, using 0.060g catalyst per 60ml oil were loaded into the reactor. Prior to the experiment, the reactor
was purged with hydrogen gas three times. The oil samples taken regularly were filtered to remove catalyst,
analyzed for its iodine value (IV) according to ISO 3961 method.
The rate of hydrogenation shall be calculated by the following formula (1):
(1)
46
V and Vo is the initial and the final amount of absorbed hydrogen volume, respectively (ml), K- is the
coefficient that depends on the pressure in the system,
t - period of time, (min).
Analysis fatty acid composition and trans-isomer were determined by using a capillary gas
chromatograph (Chromos GC-1000, Russia) equipped with an flame ionization detector according to the ISO
52677 standard method. Melting point was determined using a open capillary tube, to the ISO 52179-2003
standard method.
3 Results and discussion
The commercially refined, bleached and deodorized sunflower oil used in this work. The hydrogenation
activity was controlled by the decay of iodine value (IV) which indicates the level of saturation of double bonds.
All the experiments, under conditions of partial hydrogenation of oil IV~133.0 downs to ~ 72-81.2.
The catalytic performances of the platinum catalysts were evaluated at different temperatures (90, 110,
130
º
C) and 0.5MPa hydrogen pressure for their activities in sunflower oil hydrogenation. Fig. 1 kinetic curve
hydrogenation of sunflower oil over 1.0wt.% Pt/BaSO
4
. As can be seen in Figure 1, increasing the tempe-
rature increase the rate of hydrogenation and the platinum catalyst significantly in the hydrogenation activity.
Fig. 1 kinetic curves of sunflower oil hydrogenation. (0.5 MPa, agitation 800rpm)
The iodine value for oil samples was determined by the refractive index. The fatty acid compositions
of hydrogenated fat and initial sunflower oil at different temperatures were listed in table 1.
Table 1. Fatty acid compositions of the initial and hydrogenated sunflower oil
Fatty acids (wt%)
Sunflower oil
90
º
C
110
º
C
130
º
C
C14:0 - Myristic acid
0.11
0.07
0.08
0.07
C16:0 - Palmitic acid
6.90
6.69
6.68
6.80
C18:0 - Stearic acid
4.00
20.85
23.27
19.86
C18:1c - Oleic acid
21.16
43.28
44.45
43.00
C18:1t - Oleic acid
0.21
4.80
8.60
9.16
C18:2c - Linoleic acid
65.71
22.24
14.54
18.57
C18:2t - Linoleic acid
0.83
0.45
0.63
0.73
C20:0 - Arachidic acid
0.24
0.28
0.29
0.30
C22:0 - Behenic acid
0.58
0.68
0.71
0.70
Total trans%
1.04
5.25
9.23
9.89
Iodine value
133.68
81.18
72.60
79.07
Refractive index
1.4650
1.4584
1.4574
1.4583
Melting point (
º
C )
-16.3
43.0
46.0
45.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0
500
1000
1500
R
at
e,
Δ
V
₀/
Δ
t,
m
l/
m
in
Hydrogen volumeV
₀, ml
5 - 90
°C
5 - 110
°C
5 - 130
°C
47
Table 1 showed that hydrogenation of sunflower oil over 1.0wt.% Pt/BaSO
4
catalyst high activity and
selectivity lower temperature. The use of platinum catalyst allows sharply reduced (5-6 times) the content of
trans-isomers in the hydrogenation product. Obtained hydrogenated fat to comply with the requirements of
the Customs Union of technological regulations for oil and fat products (TR CU 024/2011).
Conclusion
1.0 wt% Pt/BaSO
4
showed the best performance in activity and selectivity during the selective
hydrogenation of sunflower oil. The formation of trans isomer was dramatically reduced in the hydrogenated
sunflower oil. At an iodine value 81.2 the platinum catalyst formed 5.25% trans, at temperature 90
º
C. And
trans isomer content of hydrogenated products is found to be 9.89%, at temperature 130
º
C.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan
for grant No.4229 /GF4.
REFERENCES
1) List Gary R., King Jerry W. / Hydrogenation of fats and oils: theory and practice. AOCS Press,
(2011)
– p. 420
2) Dariush Mozaffarian, et al. Trans fatty Acids and cardiovascular disease, N Engl J Med
2006;354:1601-13.
3) World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) / American institute for cancer research (AICR) (2007).
Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Washington DC. USA.
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E-mail: kazniippp@mail.ru.
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ϻЂ϶ϴІА ϼЉ ЁϹ ІЂϿАϾЂ ϸϿГ ϸЂЀϴЌЁϼЉ ϻϴϷЂІЂ϶ЂϾ, ЁЂ ϼ ЃϹЄϹЄϴϵЂІϴІА ϶ ЃЄЂЀЏЌϿϹЁЁЏЉ ЀϴЅЌІϴϵϴЉғ ϣЂ ϸϴЁ-
ЁЏЀ ϴϷϹЁІЅІ϶ϴ ЅІϴІϼЅІϼϾϼ ϤϞ ϻϴ қ0Қ5 Ϸғ ЃϿЂЍϴϸА ϶ЏЄϴЍϼ϶ϴЁϼГ ϾЂЅІЂЋϾЂ϶ЏЉ ϼ ЅϹЀϹЋϾЂ϶ЏЉ ϾЇϿАІЇЄ
ЅЂЅІϴ϶ϿГϹІ - γҰ,5 ІЏЅғ Ϸϴ, ГϷЂϸЁϼϾЂ϶ – қ,6 ІЏЅғϷϴғ ϖϴϿЂ϶ЏϽ ЅϵЂЄ Ѕ ϾЂІЂЄЏЉ ЅЂЅІϴ϶ϼϿ қҚҚ,0 ІЏЅғ ІЂЁЁ ϼ
қ0,қ ІЏЅғ ІЂЁЁ ЅЂЂІ϶ϹІЅІ϶ϹЁЁЂғ
ϔЁϴϿϼϻ ЄϹϻЇϿАІϴІЂ϶ ϼЅЅϿϹϸЂ϶ϴЁϼϽ ϻϴЄЇϵϹϺЁЏЉ ЇЋϹЁЏЉ ЃЂ ЄϴϻЄϴϵЂІϾϹ ІϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼϼ ϷϿЇϵЂϾЂϽ ЃϹ-
ЄϹЄϴϵЂІϾϼ ЃϿЂϸЂ϶Ђ-ГϷЂϸЁЏЉ ϼ ϾЂЅІЂЋϾЂ϶ЏЉ ϾЇϿАІЇЄ ЃЂϾϴϻϴϿ, ЋІЂ ϶ ЇЅϿЂ϶ϼГЉ ϞϴϻϴЉЅІϴЁϴ ϴϾІЇϴϿАЁЏЀ ϼ
϶ϹЅАЀϴ ЃϹЄЅЃϹϾІϼ϶ЁЏЀ Г϶ϿГϹІЅГ ЁϴЃЄϴ϶ϿϹЁϼϹ ϼЅЅϿϹϸЂ϶ϴЁϼϽ ЃЂ ЅЂϻϸϴЁϼВ ϵϼЂϿЂϷϼЋϹЅϾϼ ϴϾІϼ϶ЁЏЉ
ϸЂϵϴ϶ЂϾ (ϕϔϘ) ϼ ЈЇЁϾЊϼЂЁϴϿАЁЏЉ ЃϼЍϹ϶ЏЉ ЃЄЂϸЇϾІЂ϶, ЂϵЂϷϴЍϹЁЁЏЉ ЃЂϿϼЈϹЁЂϿАЁЏЀϼ ϵϼЂϴЁІϼЂϾ-
ЅϼϸϴЁІϴЀϼ ϼϻ ЃϿЂϸЂ϶Ђ-ГϷЂϸЁЏЉ, ϾЂЅІЂЋϾЂ϶ЏЉ ϾЇϿАІЇЄ ϼ ЂІЉЂϸЂ϶ ϼЉ ЃϹЄϹЄϴϵЂІϾϼғ
ϥ БІЂϽ ІЂЋϾϼ ϻЄϹЁϼГ ЃϹЄЅЃϹϾІϼ϶ЁЏЀ ЅЏЄАϹЀ Г϶ϿГВІЅГ ЃЄЂϸЇϾІЏ ЃϹЄϹЄϴϵЂІϾϼ ЋϹЄЁЂϽ ЅЀЂЄЂϸϼ-
ЁЏ, ЀϴϿϼЁЏ, ЅϿϼ϶Џ ϾЂІЂЄЏϹ, ϾϴϾ ϼϻ϶ϹЅІЁЂ, ЋЄϹϻ϶ЏЋϴϽЁЂ ϵЂϷϴІЏ ϵϼЂϿЂϷϼЋϹЅϾϼ ϴϾІϼ϶ЁЏЀϼ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ-
϶ϴЀϼ (ϕϔϖ) ϼ ЃЄϹϸЅІϴ϶ϿГВІ ЅЂϵЂϽ ЊϹЁЁЂϹ ЅЏЄАϹ ϸϿГ ϼϻϷЂІЂ϶ϿϹЁϼГ ϵϼЂϿЂϷϼЋϹЅϾϼ ϴϾІϼ϶ЁЏЉ ϸЂϵϴ϶ЂϾ
(ϕϔϘ) ϸϿГ ЂϵЂϷϴЍϹЁϼГ ЃϼЍϹ϶ЏЉ ЃЄЂϸЇϾІЂ϶ ϼ ЃЂϿЇЋϹЁϼГ ЈЇЁϾЊϼЂЁϴϿАЁЏЉ ЃЄЂϸЇϾІЂ϶ Ѕ ϹЅІϹЅІ϶ϹЁЁЂ -
ЂϻϸЂЄЂ϶ϼІϹϿАЁЏЀ БЈЈϹϾІЂЀ.
ϫЄϹϻ϶ЏЋϴϽЁЂ ЊϹЁЁЏЀ ϼЅІЂЋЁϼϾЂЀ ϵЂϿАЌϼЁЅІ϶ϴ ϵϼЂϿЂϷϼЋϹЅϾϼ ϴϾІϼ϶ЁЏЉ ЅЂϹϸϼЁϹЁϼϽ Г϶ϿГϹІЅГ
ЋϹЄЁϴГ ЅЀЂЄЂϸϼЁϴғ ϙϹ ГϷЂϸЏ ЂІϿϼЋϴВІЅГ ϶ЏЅЂϾϼЀ ЅЂϸϹЄϺϴЁϼϹЀ ЅϴЉϴЄЂ϶ - ϸЂҚҚ%, ЂЄϷϴЁϼЋϹЅϾϼЉ
ϾϼЅϿЂІ - ϸЂ 4% , ЄϴЅІ϶ЂЄϼЀЏЉ ЅЇЉϼЉ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶ - Ққғғғқγ%ғ ϜЀϹВІЅГ ІϴϾϺϹ ЃϹϾІϼЁЂ϶ЏϹ ϼ ϸЇϵϼϿАЁЏϹ
϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶ϴ, ЀϼЁϹЄϴϿАЁЏϹ ЅЂϿϼ ϼ ϶ ЇϸЂ϶ϿϹІ϶ЂЄϼІϹϿАЁЏЉ ϾЂϿϼЋϹЅІ϶ϴЉ ϶ϼІϴЀϼЁЏ ϖҰ (ЈЂϿϼϹ϶ϴГ ϾϼЅϿЂІϴ -
ϸЂ 0,6 ЀϷ) ϼ ϞҚ (ЈϼϿϿЂЉϼЁЂЁ - 0,ҮғғғҚ,қ ЀϷ)ғ Ϝϻ ϸЄЇϷϼЉ ϵϼЂϴϾІϼ϶ЁЏЉ ЅЂϹϸϼЁϹЁϼϽ ϶ ЃЂЅϿϹϸЁϹϹ ϶ЄϹЀГ ϶
ЅЀЂЄЂϸϼЁϹ ЁϴϽϸϹЁЏ ϾЇЀϴЄϼЁЏ ϼ ЈЇЄЂϾЇЀϴЄϼЁЏ, ЃЄЂІϼ϶ЂϼЁЈϴЄϾІЁϴГ ϴϾІϼ϶ЁЂЅІА ϾЂІЂЄЏЉ ϼЀϹϹІ
ϵЂϿАЌЂϹ ϻЁϴЋϹЁϼϹғ ϢЅЂϵЏϽ ϼЁІϹЄϹЅ Ͼ ЋϹЄЁЂϽ ЅЀЂЄЂϸϼЁϹ ϶Џϻ϶ϴЁ ϶ЏЅЂϾϼЀ ЅЂϸϹЄϺϴЁϼϹЀ ϶ϼІϴЀϼЁЂ϶ C ϼ
48
P
, ЀϼЁϹЄϴϿАЁЏЉ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶, ЂЅЂϵϹЁЁЂ ϾϴϿϼГ (γ50 ЀϷ/Қ00 Ϸ), ϺϹϿϹϻϴ (ϸЂ қγ0 ЀϷ/Қ00 Ϸ), ЀϴЄϷϴЁЊϴ ϼ ϸЄғ
ϕϿϴϷЂϸϴЄГ ϶ЏЅЂϾЂЀЇ ЅЂϸϹЄϺϴЁϼВ ЀϼЁϹЄϴϿАЁЏЉ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶ ГϷЂϸЏ ЋϹЄЁЂϽ ЅЀЂЄЂϸϼЁЏ ЂϵϿϹϷЋϴВІ
ЅЂЅІЂГЁϼϹ ϵЂϿАЁЏЉ Ѕ ЅϹЄϸϹЋЁЂ-ЅЂЅЇϸϼЅІЏЀϼ ϼ ЃЂЋϹЋЁЏЀϼ ϻϴϵЂϿϹ϶ϴЁϼГЀϼ [1].
ϖ ϻϴ϶ϼЅϼЀЂЅІϼ ЂІ ЅЂЄІϴ ϼ ЇЅϿЂ϶ϼϽ ϶ЏЄϴЍϼ϶ϴЁϼГ ϶ ГϷЂϸϴЉ ЀϴϿϼЁЏ ЀЂϺϹІ ЁϴϾЂЃϼІАЅГ ЂІ 5 ϸЂ
11
% ЅϴЉϴЄЂ϶, ЅЄϹϸϼ ϾЂІЂЄЏЉ ЃЄϹЂϵϿϴϸϴВІ ЈЄЇϾІЂϻϴ ϼ ϷϿВϾЂϻϴ, 0,5 - 0,ү% ϵϹϿϾϴ, 0,6 - 0,Ұ% ЃϹϾІϼЁϴ,
1,2 -
қ,γ % ЂЄϷϴЁϼЋϹЅϾϼЉ ϾϼЅϿЂІғ ϪϹЁЁЂϽ ЅЂЅІϴ϶ЁЂϽ ЋϴЅІАВ ЃϿЂϸЂ϶ ЀϴϿϼЁЏ Г϶ϿГВІЅГ ІϴϾϼϹ ϵϼЂϿЂ-
ϷϼЋϹЅϾϼ ϴϾІϼ϶ЁЏϹ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶ϴ, ϾϴϾ ϴЅϾЂЄϵϼЁЂ϶ϴГ ϾϼЅϿЂІϴ (ϸЂ 50 ЀϷ %), ϾϴІϹЉϼЁЏ (ϸЂ ү0 ЀϷ), ϴЁІЂЊϼϴЁЏ
(100 -
қ50 ЀϷ), ϶ϼІϴЀϼЁЏ ϖҰ, ϖҚқ, ϙ ϼ ϸЄғ Ϝϻ ЀϼЁϹЄϴϿАЁЏЉ ЅЂϹϸϼЁϹЁϼϽ ϶ ЀϴϿϼЁϹ ϸЂ϶ЂϿАЁЂ ЀЁЂϷЂ
ϺϹϿϹϻϴ (Ққ00 ЀϷ), ЊϼЁϾϴ (қ00 ЀϷ), ЀϹϸϼ (ҚҮ0 ЀϷ) ϼ ЀϴЄϷϴЁЊϴ (қҚ0 ЀϷ Ёϴ Қ00 Ϸ ЅЏЄЂϷЂ ЃЄЂϸЇϾІϴ) ДқЖғ
ϣЂЀϼЀЂ ЃЄϹϾЄϴЅЁЏЉ ϶ϾЇЅЂ϶ЏЉ ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶, ЅϿϼ϶ϴ ЂϵϿϴϸϴϹІ ЀЁЂϷϼЀϼ ЊϹϿϹϵЁЏЀϼ ϼ ϿϹЋϹϵЁЏЀϼ
Ѕ϶ЂϽЅІ϶ϴЀϼғ ϣϿЂϸЏ ЅϿϼ϶Џ Г϶ϿГВІЅГ ЊϹЁЁЏЀ ЃЄЂϸЇϾІЂЀ ϸϿГ ЃЂІЄϹϵϿϹЁϼГ ϶ Ѕ϶ϹϺϹЀ ϶ϼϸϹ ϼ ЉЂЄЂЌϼЀ
ЅЏЄАϹЀ ϸϿГ ЃϹЄϹЄϴϵЂІϾϼғ ϢЁϼ ЅЂϸϹЄϺϴІ ЅϴЉϴЄϴ, ϶ϼІϴЀϼЁЏ Ϥ, ϥ, ϖҚ, ϖқ, ϙ, ЃϹϾІϼЁЏ, ЀϼЁϹЄϴϿАЁЏϹ
϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶ϴ ϼ ЀϼϾЄЂБϿϹЀϹЁІЏ, ЁϹЂϵЉЂϸϼЀЏϹ ЋϹϿЂ϶ϹϾЇғ
ϖ ϻϴ϶ϼЅϼЀЂЅІϼ ЂІ ЅЂЄІϴ, ϴ ІϴϾϺϹ ЇЅϿЂ϶ϼϽ ϶ЏЄϴЍϼ϶ϴЁϼГ ϶ ЃϿЂϸϴЉ ЅϿϼ϶Џ ЅЂϸϹЄϺϼІЅГ Қ0-γ0 % ЅЇ-
ЉϼЉ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶,Қ0-қ0 % ЅϴЉϴЄЂ϶, 0,4-қ,Ү % ϾϼЅϿЂІ, 0,γ-қ,Қ ЀϷ/Қ00 Ϸ ЃϹϾІϼЁЂ϶ЏЉ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶, Қ5-Қү ЀϷ/Қ00 Ϸ
϶ϼІϴЀϼЁϴ ϥ, ϸЂ ү0 ЀϷ/Қ00 Ϸ P-ϴϾІϼ϶ЁЏЉ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶, ϸЂ γ50 ЀϷ/Қ00 Ϸ ϴЁІЂЊϼϴЁЂ϶ ϼ ϸЄғ ДγЖғ
ϥЂϸϹЄϺϴЍϼϹЅГ ϶ ϶ЏЌϹЃϹЄϹЋϼЅϿϹЁЁЏЉ ГϷЂϸϴЉ ϼ ЃϿЂϸϴЉ ϴЁІϼЂϾЅϼϸϴЁІЏ ϻϴЍϼЍϴВІ ЃϼЍϹ϶ЏϹ ЃЄЂ-
ϸЇϾІЏ ЂІ ЃЄЂϷЂЄϾϴЁϼГ ϺϼЄЂ϶, ϼϻЀϹЁϹЁϼГ Њ϶ϹІϴ (ЃЂІϹЀЁϹЁϼГ), ЈϹЄЀϹЁІϴІϼ϶ЁЂϷЂ ЂϾϼЅϿϹЁϼГ ЁϴЃϼІϾЂ϶
(϶ϼЁϴ, Ѓϼ϶ϴ, ϵϹϻϴϿϾЂϷЂϿАЁЂϽ ЃЄЂϸЇϾЊϼϼ)ғ ϞϴϾ ϼ ϾЂЁЅϹЄ϶ϼЄЇВЍϼϹ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶ϴ, ϴЁІϼЂϾЅϼϸϴЁІЏ ЃЄϼЀϹ-
ЁГВІЅГ ϸϿГ Ї϶ϹϿϼЋϹЁϼГ ЃЄЂϸЂϿϺϼІϹϿАЁЂЅІϼ ЉЄϴЁϹЁϼГ ЃϼЍϹ϶ЏЉ ЃЄЂϸЇϾІЂ϶ [4].
ϘϿГ ϼϻ϶ϿϹЋϹЁϼГ ЃЂϿϼЈϹЁЂϿАЁЏЉ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶ ϼϻ ГϷЂϸ ЋϹЄЁЂϽ ЅЀЂЄЂϸϼЁЏ, ЀϴϿϼЁЏ ϼ ЃϿЂϸЂ϶ ЅϿϼ϶Џ
ЁϴЀϼ ϼЅЃЂϿАϻЂ϶ϴЁ ЀϹІЂϸ ϶ЂϸЁЂ-ЅЃϼЄІЂ϶ЂϽ БϾЅІЄϴϾЊϼϼ Ѕ ЇЋϹІЂЀ ϼϻ϶ϹЅІЁЏЉ ЄϴϵЂІ ϶ БІЂЀ ЁϴЃЄϴ϶ϿϹЁϼϼ
[5]
Ѕ ϶ϴЄАϼЄЂ϶ϴЁϼϹЀ ЃϴЄϴЀϹІЄЂ϶ ЅЂЂІЁЂЌϹЁϼϹ – І϶ϹЄϸϴГ Јϴϻϴ/ϺϼϸϾϴГ Јϴϻϴ - Құ5, ҚұҚ0, Құқ0; ЂϵЎϹЀЁϴГ
ϸЂϿГ ЅЃϼЄІϴ – 40%, 60%, ү0%; ЃЄЂϸЂϿϺϼІϹϿАЁЂЅІА БϾЅІЄϴϾЊϼϼ - γ0 ЀϼЁ, 60 ЀϼЁғ
Ϝϻ ЃЂϿЇЋϹЁЁЏЉ БϾЅІЄϴϾІЂ϶ ЇЃϴЄϼ϶ϴЁϼϹЀ ϶ ϶ϴϾЇЇЀЄЂІϴЊϼЂЁЁЂЀ ϼЅЃϴЄϼІϹϿϹ ЃЄϼ ІϹЀЃϹЄϴІЇЄϹ
56°ϥ, ЂЅІϴІЂЋЁЂЀ ϸϴ϶ϿϹЁϼϼ ϶ϴϾЇЇЀϴ 0,5-0,6 ϴІЀғ ϸЂ ЃЂϿЁЂϷЂ ЇϸϴϿϹЁϼГ ЅЃϼЄІϴ ϶ЏЄϴϵЂІϴЁЏ ϺϼϸϾϼϹ
ϾЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴІЏ.
ϣЂ ЂЄϷϴЁЂϿϹЃІϼЋϹЅϾϼЀ Ѕ϶ЂϽЅІ϶ϴЀ ϾЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴІЏ ϼЀϹВІ Ѕ϶ЂϽЅІ϶ϹЁЁЏϹ ГϷЂϸϴЀ ϿϹϷϾϼϽ ЈЄЇϾІЂ϶ЏϽ
ϴЄЂЀϴІ, Њ϶ϹІ ϾЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴІϴ ЅЀЂЄЂϸϼЁЏ ϼ ЅϿϼ϶Џ ϼЀϹϹІ ЁϴЅЏЍϹЁЁЏϽ ϵЂЄϸЂ϶Ђ-ϾЄϴЅЁЏϽ Њ϶ϹІ, ϾЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴІ
ЀϴϿϼЁЏ ЁϴЅЏЍϹЁЁЏϽ ЄЂϻЂ϶ЏϽ, ϶ϾЇЅ Ї ϾЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴІϴ ЅЀЂЄЂϸϼЁЏ ϼ ЀϴϿϼЁЏ ЅϿϹϷϾϴ ϾϼЅϿЏϽ, Ї ϾЂЁЊϹЁ-
ІЄϴІϴ ЅϿϼ϶Џ ЅϿϴϸϾЂ϶ϴІЏϽ, ϾЂЁЅϼЅІϹЁЊϼГ Ї ϶ЅϹЉ ϾЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴІЂ϶ - ϺϼϸϾϴГғ
ϥЂ϶ЀϹЅІЁЂ Ѕ ϿϴϵЂЄϴІЂЄϼϹϽ ϦϢϢ «ϱϾЅЃϹЄІ - ϦϹЅІ» (ϞϴϻϴЉЅϾϴГ ϴϾϴϸϹЀϼГ ЃϼІϴЁϼГ) ϶ ϺϼϸϾϼЉ ϾЂЁ-
ЊϹЁІЄϴІϴЉ ЂЃЄϹϸϹϿϹЁϴ ЃϼЍϹ϶ϴГ ϼ БЁϹЄϷϹІϼЋϹЅϾϴГ ЊϹЁЁЂЅІА, ЅЂϸϹЄϺϴЁϼϹ ЁϹϾЂІЂЄЏЉ ϶ϼІϴЀϼЁЂ϶ ϼ
ЀϼЁϹЄϴϿАЁЏЉ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶ (ІϴϵϿϼЊϴ Қ)ғ
ϦϴϵϿϼЊϴ Қ - ϩϼЀϼЋϹЅϾϼϽ ЅЂЅІϴ϶ ϺϼϸϾϼЉ ϾЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴІЂ϶ ϕϔϖ ϼϻ ГϷЂϸ ЋϹЄЁЂϽ ЅЀЂЄЂϸϼЁЏ, ЀϴϿϼЁЏ ϼ ЃϿЂϸЂ϶ ЅϿϼ϶Џ
№
Ѓ/Ѓ
ϡϴϼЀϹЁЂ϶ϴЁϼϹ ЃЂϾϴϻϴІϹϿϹϽ
ϢϵЂϻЁϴЋϹЁϼϹ ϡϘ Ёϴ
ЀϹІЂϸЏ ϼЅЃЏІϴЁϼГ
ϞЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴІ
ЅЀЂЄЂϸϼЁЏ
ϞЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴІ
ЀϴϿϼЁЏ
ϞЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴІ
ЅϿϼ϶Џ
ϣϼЍϹ϶ϴГ ЊϹЁЁЂЅІА, Ϸ/Қ00Ϸ
1.
ϕϹϿϾϼ
ϗϢϥϦ қ6үүҰ-86
0,21
0,20
0,53
2.
ϚϼЄЏ
ϗϢϥϦ үҮ56ғқҚ-89
0,07
0,11
0,20
3.
ϧϷϿϹ϶ЂϸЏ
ϜғϠғ ϥϾЇЄϼЉϼЁ, ҚҰүҮ
5,2
4,1
9,0
4.
ϱЁϹЄϷϹІϼЋϹЅϾϴГ
ЊϹЁЁЂЅІА,
ϾϾϴϿ/ϾϘϺ/ Қ00Ϸ
ϜғϠғ ϥϾЇЄϼЉϼЁ, ҚҰүҮ
22,3/93,3
18,2/76,1
39,9/166,9
ϥЂϸϹЄϺϴЁϼϹ ϶ϼІϴЀϼЁЂ϶, ϶ Қ00 Ϸ
5.
ϖ
1
(ІϼϴЀϼЁ) ЀϷ
Ϥ4ғҚғҚ6Үқ-қ00γғЄғҚғЃғγ
0,0033
0,05
1,79
6.
ϖ
6
(ЃϼЄϼϸЂϾЅϼЁ) ЀϷ
Ϥ4ғҚғҚ6Үқ-қ00γғЄғҚғЃғқ
0,0056
0,027
1,72
7.
ϖ
9
(ЈЂϿϼϹ϶ϴГ ϾϼЅϿЂІϴ) ЀϾϷ
ϠϖϜғϠϡ қҚ46-2004
0,045
0,058
0,92
8.
ϥ (ϴЅϾЂЄϵϼЁЂ϶ϴГ ϾϼЅϿЂІϴ) ЀϷ
ϗϢϥϦ қ4556-89
0,50
0,50
0,45
ϠϼЁϹЄϴϿАЁЏϹ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶ϴ, ЀϷ ϶ Қ00 Ϸ
9.
ϚϹϿϹϻЂ (Fe)
ϗϢϥϦ қ6Ұқү-86
0,3
0,14
0,54
10.
ϪϼЁϾ (Zn)
ϗϢϥϦ Ϥ 5Қγ0Қ-99
0,112
0,083
0,086
11.
ϞϴϿАЊϼϽ (Ca)
Ϥ4ғҚғҚ6Үқ-қ00γғЄғқғЃғγ
142
105
80
12.
ϥЂϸϹЄϺϴЁϼϹ ЈϹЁЂϿАЁЏЉ
϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶ ЀϷ/ϸЀ
3
2095
1095
1785
49
ϞϴϾ ЃЂϾϴϻϴϿϼ ЄϹϻЇϿАІϴІЏ ϼЅЅϿϹϸЂ϶ϴЁϼГ ЃЂ ϾЂϿϼЋϹЅІ϶ϹЁЁЂЀЇ ЅЂϸϹЄϺϴЁϼВ ϶ϼІϴЀϼЁЂ϶ ϷЄЇЃЃЏ ϖ
϶ЏϸϹϿГϹІЅГ ϾЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴІ ЅϿϼ϶Џ, ϾЂІЂЄЏϽ ЅЂϸϹЄϺϼІ ϶ Қ00 Ϸ ІϼϴЀϼЁϴ (ϖ
1
)-
Қ,ҮҰ ЀϷ
,
ЃϼЄϼϸЂϾЅϼЁϴ (ϖ
6
)-1,72
ЀϷ
,
ЈЂϿϼϹ϶ЂϽ ϾϼЅϿЂІЏ (ϖ
9
)-
0,Ұқ ЀϾϷғ ϣЂ ϾЂϿϼЋϹЅІ϶ϹЁЁЂЀЇ ЅЂϸϹЄϺϴЁϼВ ЀϼЁϹЄϴϿАЁЏЉ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶
϶ЏϸϹϿГϹІЅГ ϾЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴІ ЋϹЄЁЂϽ ЅЀЂЄЂϸϼЁЏ, ϶ ЁϹЀ ЅЂϸϹЄϺϼІЅГ ϶ Қ00 Ϸ - ϺϹϿϹϻϴ (Fe)-0,γ±0,06 ЀϷ, ЊϼЁϾϴ
(Zn)-
0,ҚҚқ±0,0қγ ЀϷ, ϾϴϿАЊϼГ (Ca)-Қ4қ±қү,4 ЀϷғ ϞЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴІ ЀϴϿϼЁЏ ЇЅІЇЃϴϹІ ЃЂ ЅЂϸϹЄϺϴЁϼВ ϶ϼІϴ-
ЀϼЁЂ϶ ϾЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴІЇ ЅϿϼ϶Џ, ЁЂ ЃЄϹ϶ЂЅЉЂϸϼІ ЃЂ ЅЂϸϹЄϺϴЁϼВ ЀϼЁϹЄϴϿАЁЏЉ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶ ϼ ЃЄϹ϶ЂЅЉЂϸϼІ ЃЂ
ЅЂϸϹЄϺϴЁϼВ ϶ϼІϴЀϼЁЂ϶ ϾЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴІ ЅЀЂЄЂϸϼЁЏ, ЁЂ ЇЅІЇЃϴϹІ ЃЂ ЅЂϸϹЄϺϴЁϼВ ЀϼЁϹЄϴϿАЁЏЉ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶ғ
ϕЂϿАЌϹ ϶ЅϹϷЂ ЈϹЁЂϿАЁЏЉ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶ ЅЂϸϹЄϺϼІЅГ ϶ ϾЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴІϹ ЋϹЄЁЂϽ ЅЀЂЄЂϸϼЁЏ қ0Ұ5 ЀϷ/ϸЀ
3
.
ϥϣϜϥϢϞ ϟϜϦϙϤϔϦϧϤϯ
1.
ϥϼЀϴЉϼЁϴ ϗғϔғ ϫϹЄЁϴГ ЅЀЂЄЂϸϼЁϴұ ЃϹЄЅЃϹϾІϼ϶Џ ϾЂЀЃϿϹϾЅЁЂϷЂ ϼЅЃЂϿАϻЂ϶ϴЁϼГ ϸϿГ ЃЂϿЇЋϹЁϼГ
ϾЄϼЂЃЄЂϸЇϾІЂ϶ / ϗғϔғ ϥϼЀϴЉϼЁϴ, ϡғϖғ ϡϴЇЀϹЁϾЂ // ϣЄЂϸЇϾІЏ ϼ ϼЁϷЄϹϸϼϹЁІЏғ- 2007. - №4ғ - ϥғ 30-32.
2.
ϞϴϻϴϾЂ϶ Ϝғ ϖғ ϠϴϿϼЁϴ ϼ ϹϺϹ϶ϼϾϴғ ϠЂЅϾ϶ϴ, «ϨЂϿϼЂ», қ00Қ - ϥғ ҚҮ-28.
3.
ϛϴЄϹЀЇϾ Ϥғ Ϭғ ϞϴЋϹЅІ϶Ђ ЃϿЂϸЂ϶ ЃϹЄЅЃϹϾІϼ϶ЁЏЉ ЅЂЄІЂ϶ ЅϿϼ϶Џ ϸЂЀϴЌЁϹϽ ϸϿГ ϞЄϴЅЁЂϸϴЄЅϾЂϷЂ
ϾЄϴГ // ϣϿЂϸЂ϶ЂϸЅІ϶Ђ ϼ ϶ϼЁЂϷЄϴϸϴЄЅІ϶Ђ ϲϷϴ ϤЂЅЅϼϼғ – 2014.- № қү(04)
4.
ϥϴЄϴЈϴЁЂ϶ϴ ϟғ ϔғ ϣϼЍϹ϶ЏϹ ϸЂϵϴ϶Ͼϼғ ϱЁЊϼϾϿЂЃϹϸϼГғ ϥϣϵғұ ϗϜϢϤϘ, 2004. - ү0үЅғ
5. Cosmulescu S. Influence of the extraction solvent on antioxidant capacity and total phenolic in
currant fruits./ S. Cosmulescu, I. Trandafir, V. Nour // Journal of applied botany and food quality.- 2014.-
vol. 87.-
Ϥ. 206-209.
ϧϘϞ 664.8
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.,
. ., . . .,
,
.
,
,
E-mail.ru: evg_bm@mail.ru, erenova-fatima69@mail.ru, tech-com67@mail.ru
ϖ ЁϴЅІЂГЍϹϹ ϶ЄϹЀГ ϸϿГ ЃϿЂϸЂϾЂЁЅϹЄ϶ЁЏЉ ϻϴ϶ЂϸЂ϶ ϶ϴϺЁЂϹ ϻЁϴЋϹЁϼϹ ϼЀϹϹІ ϵϹϻЂІЉЂϸЁЂϹ ϼϿϼ
ЀϴϿЂЂІЉЂϸЁЂϹ ЃЄЂϼϻ϶ЂϸЅІ϶Ђ ЃЄЂϸЇϾІЂ϶ ϸϿϼІϹϿАЁЂϷЂ ЉЄϴЁϹЁϼГғ
ϣЄϼЂЄϼІϹІЁЏЀ ЁϴЃЄϴ϶ϿϹЁϼϹЀ Г϶ϿГϹІЅГ ϾЂЀЃϿϹϾЅЁϴГ ЃϹЄϹЄϴϵЂІϾϴ ЀϴϿЂІЄϴϸϼЊϼЂЁЁЂϷЂ ЅЏЄАГ, ϶
ЋϴЅІЁЂЅІϼ ϸЏЁϼ, ϼЅІЂЋЁϼϾϴ ϶ϼІϴЀϼЁЂ϶ ϼ ЀϼЁϹЄϴϿАЁЏЉ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶ Ѕ ЃЂϿЇЋϹЁϼϹЀ ЃЄЂϸЇϾІЂ϶ ЈЇЁϾЊϼЂ-
ЁϴϿАЁЂϷЂ ЁϴϻЁϴЋϹЁϼГ Ѕ ϶ЏЅЂϾϼЀϼ ЃϼЍϹ϶ЏЀϼ ϸЂЅІЂϼЁЅІ϶ϴЀϼғ
ϖ БІЂϽ Ѕ϶Гϻϼ ϷЄЇЃЃЂϽ ЇЋϹЁЏЉ ϶ ЄϴЀϾϴЉ ЃЄЂϹϾІϴ «ϤϴϻЄϴϵЂІϾϴ ϶ЏЅЂϾЂБЈЈϹϾІϼ϶ЁЂϽ ІϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼϼ
ϾЂЀЃϿϹϾЅЁЂϽ ЃϹЄϹЄϴϵЂІϾϼ ϸЏЁϼ Ѕ ЃЂϿЇЋϹЁϼϹЀ ЃЄЂϸЇϾІЂ϶ ЈЇЁϾЊϼЂЁϴϿАЁЂϷЂ ЁϴϻЁϴЋϹЁϼГ», ЈϼЁϴЁЅϼ-
ЄЇϹЀЂϷЂ ϠϼЁϼЅІϹЄЅІ϶ЂЀ ЂϵЄϴϻЂ϶ϴЁϼГ ϼ ЁϴЇϾϼ ϤϹЅЃЇϵϿϼϾϼ ϞϴϻϴЉЅІϴЁ, ϵЏϿϴ ЄϴϻЄϴϵЂІϴЁϴ ЀϴϿЂЂІЉЂϸЁϴГ
ІϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼГ ϾЂЀЃϿϹϾЅЁЂϽ ЃϹЄϹЄϴϵЂІϾϼ ϸЏЁϼ Ѕ ЃЂϿЇЋϹЁϼϹЀ ЃЄЂϸЇϾІЂ϶ ЈЇЁϾЊϼЂЁϴϿАЁЂϽ ЁϴЃЄϴ϶ϿϹЁ-
ЁЂЅІϼ, ІϴϾϼϹ ϾϴϾ ϶ϴЄϹЁАϹ, ϸϺϹЀ ϼ ϾЇЃϴϺϼЄЂ϶ϴЁЁЏϹ ЅЂϾϼ(ЄϼЅЇЁЂϾ Қ)ғ
ϦϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼГ ЃЄϹϸЇЅЀϴІЄϼ϶ϴϹІ ЅЂЄІϼЄЂ϶ϾЇ, ϾϴϿϼϵЄЂ϶ϾЇ, ϼЁЅЃϹϾЊϼВ ϼ ЀЂϽϾЇ ϸЏЁϼ, ЂІϸϹϿϹЁϼϹ ЂІ
ϾЂϺЇЄЏ Ѕ ЃЂЀЂЍАВ ЇЅІЄЂϽЅІ϶ϴ ϸϿГ ЂЋϼЅІϾϼ ЄϴϻЄϹϻϴЁЁЏЉ Ёϴ ϾЇЅϾϼ ЃϿЂϸЂ϶ ЂІ ϾЂϺЇЄЏ, ЂІϸϹϿϹЁϼϹ ЂІ
ЅϹЀГЁ, ЄϹϻϾЇ Ёϴ ϾЇϵϼϾϼ Ѕ ϷЄϴЁГЀϼ қ0×қ0 ЀЀғ
ϦϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼГ ЃЄЂϼϻ϶ЂϸЅІ϶ϴ ЅЂϾЂ϶ ϶ϾϿВЋϴϹІ ϶ ЅϹϵГ ЅϵЂЄ ЅЂϾϴ-ЅϴЀЂІϹϾϴ, ϾЇЃϴϺϼЄЂ϶ϴЁϼϹЅ ЂϵЂϷϴ-
ЍϴВЍϼЀϼ ϸЂϵϴ϶ϾϴЀϼ ЄϴЅІϼІϹϿАЁЂϷЂ ЃЄЂϼЅЉЂϺϸϹЁϼГ, ЃЄЂЊϹЅЅ ϷЂЀЂϷϹЁϼϻϴЊϼϼ ϸϿГ ІЍϴІϹϿАЁЂϷЂ ЅЀϹ-
Ќϼ϶ϴЁϼГ ϾЂЀЃЂЁϹЁІЂ϶ϼ ϸЂ϶ϹϸϹЁϼГ ЅЂϾϴ ϸЂ ЂϸЁЂЄЂϸЁЂϷЂ ЅЂЅІЂГЁϼГ, ЄЂϻϿϼ϶ ϼ ЇϾЇЃЂЄϾЇ, ЃЄЂЊϹЅЅ ЅІϹЄϼ-
ϿϼϻϴЊϼϼ Ѕ ЃЂЅϿϹϸЇВЍϼЀ ЂЉϿϴϺϸϹЁϼϹЀ. ϣЂЅϿϹ ϾЂЁІЄЂϿАЁЂϽ ЃЄЂ϶ϹЄϾϼ ЅЂϾϼ ЁϴЃЄϴ϶ϿГВІ Ёϴ ЅϾϿϴϸЏ, ϷϸϹ
ЉЄϴЁГІ ϸЂ ЄϹϴϿϼϻϴЊϼϼғ ϢЃІϼЀϴϿАЁϴГ ІϹЀЃϹЄϴІЇЄϴ ЉЄϴЁϹЁϼГ ϾЇЃϴϺϼЄЂ϶ϴЁЁЏЉ ЅЂϾЂ϶ 0-15
0
ϥғ
ϘϿГ ЃЄЂϼϻ϶ЂϸЅІ϶ϴ ϶ϴЄϹЁАГ ϼ ϸϺϹЀϴ ЂϵϹϻ϶ЂϺϹЁЁЏϹ ϾЇϵϼϾϼ ϵϿϴЁЌϼЄЇВІ ϶ Қ0-Қ5% ЅϴЉϴЄЁЂЀ ЅϼЄЂЃϹғ
ϖϴЄϹЁАϹ ЃЂϿЇЋϴВІ ЃЇІϹЀ Ї϶ϴЄϼ϶ϴЁϼГ ЂϵϹϻ϶ЂϺϹЁЁЏЉ ϾЇϵϼϾЂ϶ Ѕ ЅϴЉϴЄЂЀ ϶ ϶ϴЄЂЋЁЂЀ ϾЂІϿϹ Ѕ
БϿϹϾІЄЂЀϹЌϴϿϾЂϽ ϶ ІϹЋϹЁϼϹ қ0-γ0 ЀϼЁ ϸЂ ϸЂЅІϼϺϹЁϼГ ЅЇЉϼЉ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶ ЁϹ ϵЂϿϹϹ Ү5%, ЃЄЂϻЄϴЋЁЂЅІϼ Ѕϼ-
ЄЂЃϴ ϼ ЀГϷϾЂЅІϼ ЃϿЂϸЂ϶ ϸЏЁϼғ Ϟ ϾЂЁЊЇ ϶ϴЄϾϼ ϸЂϵϴ϶ϿГϹІЅГ ЃϹϾІϼЁ ϼ ϿϼЀЂЁЁϴГ ϾϼЅϿЂІϴғ ϗЂІЂ϶ЂϹ ϶ϴ-
ЄϹЁАϹ ЄϴϻϿϼ϶ϴВІ ϶ ЅІϹϾϿГЁЁЇВ ІϴЄЇ ϶ЀϹЅІϼЀЂЅІАВ ЁϹ ϵЂϿϹϹ Қ ϿϼІЄϴ ϼ ЇϾЇЃЂЄϼ϶ϴВІ ЅϴЀЂБϾЅϷϴЇЅІϼ-
ЄЇϹЀЏЀϼ ϾЄЏЌϾϴЀϼ, ЃЂϸ϶ϹЄϷϴВІ ЅІϹЄϼϿϼϻϴЊϼϼ Ѕ ЃЂЅϿϹϸЇВЍϼЀ ЂЉϿϴϺϸϹЁϼϹЀ ϼ ЃϹЄϹϸϴВІ ϶ ЅϾϿϴϸЏғ
50
ϗЂІЂ϶ЂϹ ϶ϴЄϹЁАϹ ЉϴЄϴϾІϹЄϼϻЇϹІЅГ ϼϻЇЀϼІϹϿАЁЏЀ ϶ϾЇЅЂЀ, ЁϹϺЁЏЀ Њ϶ϹІЂЀ ϼ ϴЄЂЀϴІЂЀ,
Ѕ϶ЂϽЅІ϶ϹЁЁЏЀ ϸЏЁϹғ
ϘϺϹЀ ЃЂϿЇЋϴВІ ЃЇІϹЀ ϼϻЀϹϿАЋϹЁϼГ ЂϵϹϻ϶ЂϺϹЁЁЏЉ, ϵϿϴЁЌϼЄЂ϶ϴЁЁЏЉ ϾЇϵϼϾЂ϶ ϼ Ї϶ϴЄϼ϶ϴЁϼГ
ЃЂϿЇЋϹЁЁЂϽ ЀϴЅЅЏ Ѕ ЅϴЉϴЄЂЀ ϶ ϶ϴЄЂЋЁЂЀ ϾЂІϿϹ Ѕ БϿϹϾІЄЂЀϹЌϴϿϾЂϽ ϸЂ ϸЂЅІϼϺϹЁϼГ 66% ЅЇЉϼЉ
϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶ғ ϖ ЃϹЄϼЂϸ ϶ϴЄϾϼ ϸЂϵϴ϶ϿГϹІЅГ ЃϹϾІϼЁ ϼ ϿϼЀЂЁЁϴГ ϾϼЅϿЂІϴғ ϗЂІЂ϶ЏϽ ϸϺϹЀ ЃЄϹϸЅІϴ϶ϿГϹІ ЅЂϵЂϽ
ϺϹϿϹЂϵЄϴϻЁЇВ ЀϴЅЅЇ ϺϹϿІЂϷЂ Њ϶ϹІϴ Ѕ ϻЂϿЂІϼЅІЏЀ ЂІІϹЁϾЂЀғ
ϞЂЀЃϿϹϾЅЁϴГ ІϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼГ ЃЂ ЃϹЄϹЄϴϵЂІϾϹ ϸЏЁϼ ϴЃЄЂϵϼЄЂ϶ϴЁϴ ϼ ϶ЏЄϴϵЂІϴЁϴ ЂЃЏІЁϴГ ЃϴЄІϼГ
ЃЄЂϸЇϾІЂ϶ (϶ϴЄϹЁАϹ, ϸϺϹЀ, ϾЇЃϴϺϼЄЂ϶ϴЁЁЏϹ ЅЂϾϼ) ϶ ЃЄЂϼϻ϶ЂϸЅІ϶ϹЁЁЏЉ ЇЅϿЂ϶ϼГЉ ϦϢϢ «ϥϘ ϼ ϞЂ»,
ϔϿЀϴІϼЁЅϾϴГ ЂϵϿϴЅІА, Ѓғ ϛϴЄϹЋЁЏϽ (ЄϼЅЇЁЂϾ қ)ғ
ϤϼЅЇЁЂϾ Қ – ϦϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼЋϹЅϾϴГ ЅЉϹЀϴ ϾЂЀЃϿϹϾЅЁЂϽ ЃϹЄϹЄϴϵЂІϾϼ ϸЏЁϼ
я
,
я
қ0×қ0
-
я
я
я
я
я
я
-
,
,
Қ0-15%
-
51
ϤϼЅЇЁЂϾ қ – ϢЃЏІЁϴГ ЃϴЄІϼГ ЃЄЂϸЇϾІЂ϶
ϖЏЄϴϵЂІϴЁЁЏϹ ϶ ЃЄЂϼϻ϶ЂϸЅІ϶ϹЁЁЏЉ ЇЅϿЂ϶ϼГЉ ϦϢϢ «ϥϘ ϼ ϞЂ» ЃϴЄІϼϼ ϶ϴЄϹЁАГ, ϸϺϹЀЂ϶ ϼ ЅЂϾЂ϶
ϵЏϿϼ ϶ЏЅІϴ϶ϿϹЁЏ Ёϴ ЈϹЄЀϹЄЅϾЂϽ ЌЂЇ-ГЄЀϴЄϾϹ«KOK TOәEғәӘГ&ӘRT» қ4-қ5 ЅϹЁІГϵЄГ қ0Қ6 ϷЂϸϴ
(ЄϼЅЇЁЂϾ γ)ғ
ϞЄЂЀϹ ІЂϷЂ ϶ ϿϴϵЂЄϴІЂЄЁЏЉ ЇЅϿЂ϶ϼГЉ ϔϦϧ ϼЅЅϿϹϸЇВІЅГ ІϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼϼ ЃЂϿЇЋϹЁϼГ ЀϴЅϿϴ ϼ
ЃϹϾІϼЁϴ, ϴЃЄЂϵϴЊϼГ ϾЂІЂЄЏЉ ЃϿϴЁϼЄЇϹІЅГ ϶ қ0ҚҮ ϷЂϸЇғ
ϤϼЅЇЁЂϾ γ – ϣЄЂϸЇϾІЏ Ёϴ ϶ЏЅІϴ϶ϾϹ
ϦϴϾϼЀ ЂϵЄϴϻЂЀ, ЄϹϾЂЀϹЁϸЇϹЀϴГ ЀϴϿЂЂІЉЂϸЁϴГ ІϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼГ ЃЂϻ϶ЂϿГϹІ ϾЂЀЃϿϹϾЅЁЂ ЃϹЄϹЄϴϵЂІϴІА
ϸЏЁВ ϼ ЄϴЅЌϼЄϼІА ϴЅЅЂЄІϼЀϹЁІ ЃЄЂϸЇϾІЂ϶ ϸϿϼІϹϿАЁЂϷЂ ЉЄϴЁϹЁϼГғ
ϢϚ 6қҮғ 5
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