ϥϣϜϥϢϞ ϟϜϦϙϤϔϦϧϤϯ
1.
ϩғϩғ ϦЇЄϷЇЀϵϴϹ϶ϴ, ϦғϜғ ϕϹϽЅϹϾЂ϶ϴ, Ϝғϛғ ϟϴЃЌϼЁϴ, Ϥғϩғ ϦЇЄϷЇЀϵϴϹ϶ϴ ϼ Іғϸғ ϥϼЅІϹЀЁЏϽ ϴЁϴϿϼϻ
ЇІϼϿϼϻϴЊϼϽ ЂІЉЂϸЂ϶ ЈЂЅЂЈЄЁЂϽ ЃЄЂЀЏЌϿϹЁЁЂЅІϼ Ёϴ ЃЄϼЀϹЄϹ ϦϢϢ «ϞϴϻЈЂЅЈϴІ»ғ ϔϿЀϴІЏ, ϩϼЀϼ-
ЋϹЅϾϼϽ ϺЇЄЁϴϿ ϞϴϻϴЉЅІϴЁϴғ №4, қ0Ққғ ϥІЄғ ҚҰү-204.
2.
ϕғϔғ ϔϿϸϴЌЂ϶, ϖғϜғ ϟϼЅϼЊϴғ ϧІϼϿϼϻϴЊϼГ ЂІЉЂϸЂ϶ ЈЂЅЈЂЄϼІЂ϶ ϞϴЄϴІϴЇ - ЃЇІА Ͼ ϾЂЁϾЇЄϹЁІЁЂϽ
БϾЂЁЂЀϼϾϹ ϼ ЂϻϸЂЄЂ϶ϿϹЁϼВ БϾЂϿЂϷϼϼғ ϔϿЀϴІЏұ ЏϿЏЀ, 2007.-260c.
3.
ϞϴϻЂ϶ Ϡғϡғ, ϞϴϻЂ϶ϴ Ϥғϔғ, ϔϿАϺϴЁЂ϶ ϦғϠғ ϦϹЄЀЂЉϼЀϼЋϹЅϾϴГ ЃЂϸϷЂІЂ϶Ͼϴ ЅЏЄАГ ϸϿГ БϿϹϾІЄЂ-
ІϹЄЀϼЋϹЅϾЂϷЂ ЃЄЂϼϻ϶ЂϸЅІ϶ϴ ЈЂЅЈЂЄϴғ –ϔϿЀϴІЏұ ϡϴЇϾϴғ ҚҰүҰғ -қҚ6 Ѕғ
38
4.
ϞϴϻЂ϶ϴ ϔғϠғ, ϦЂϿϹϷϹЁ ϠғϦғ, ϔϵϼϿϾϴЅЂ϶ϴ ϥғϢғ, ϡЇЄϾϹϹ϶ ϥғϥғ, ϣϼЄЀϴЉϴЁϵϹІІϹϷϼ ϔғϧғ, ϞϴϼЃЂ϶ϴ
ϛғϞғ ϢϵϹϻ϶ЄϹϺϼ϶ϴЁϼϹ ІϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼЋϹЅϾЂϷЂ ЅЏЄАГ ЈЂЅЈЂЄЁЂϷЂ ЃЄЂϼϻ϶ЂϸЅІ϶ϴ ϼ ЁϹЈІϹϸЂϵЏЋϼ//ϖϹЅІЁϼϾ
ϞϴϻϡϦϧ,қ00қ, № 5(γγ)ғ ϥІЄғ Қγ6-137.
ϢϚ 631. 559:633. 34:57. 083. 233 (574.54)
Ұ
Ұ
І
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І Ұ
І
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І
Ә
І
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1
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1
,
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1
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1
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,
.,
2
ϕ ЄЌϴ І ЏЀϸϴЅ ЅЙЀϸЙϾІϹЄЙЁЙң ϴЄϴЅЏЁϴЁ ЅЂГ ϸϴ ЏϿЏЁ ІϴңϸϴЃ ϴϿЏЃ І ЏЀЏЁ І ϽЁϹϾ ϵϴϾІϹ-
ЄϼГϿϴЄЏЀϹЁ ϼЁЂϾЇϿГЊϼГϿϴЇϸЏң ЂЁЏң ЁЙЀϸЙϿЙϷЙЁϹ ІϼϷЙϻϹЄ ЅϹЄЙ ϺϴϽϿЏ ϺϴϻЏϿ ϴЁғ
ϞϴϻЙЄϷЙ Іϴңϸϴ ϴЇЏϿ ЌϴЄЇϴЌЏϿЏ ЏЁϸϴ ϸ ЁϸЙ ϵ ЄЌϴ ϸϴ ЏϿϸϴЄЏЁЏң ЀϴңЏϻЏ ϴЄІЏЃ ϾϹϿϹϸЙғ ϕ -
ЄЏЁ ЅЂГ ЁϹϷЙϻЙЁϹЁ ЀϴϽϿЏ ϸϴ ЏϿ ЄϹІЙЁϸϹ ϹϷЙϿЅϹ, ЅЂң Џ ϺЏϿϸϴЄЏ ЂЁЏң ϺЂ ϴЄЏ ЅϴЃϴϿЏ ϴ ЇЏϻ Ͼ ϻЙ ЄϹІЙЁ-
ϸϹϷЙ ЀϴңЏϻЏ ϴЄІЏЃ ϾϹϿϹϸЙ ДҚЖғ
ϔϻЂІ І ϻЇЌЙ ЀϼϾЄЂϴ ϻϴϿϴЄ ϴЄ ЏϿЏ ϺϴЅϴϿ ϴЁ ІЏЁϴϽІ ЏЌІϴЄϸЏ ІϼЙЀϸЙ Ϻ ЁϹ БϾЂϿЂϷϼГϿЏ ϴЇЙЃ-
ЅЙϻ ЂϿϸϴЁЇ ЅЙЀϸЙϾІЙң ϵϴЅ ϴ ϾЂЀЃЂЁϹЁІІϹЄЙЁϹ ϸϹϷϹЁ ϴϺϹІІЙϿЙϷЙ ϴЁϴ ϴІІϴЁϸЏЄЏϿ ϴЁ Ϻϴ ϸϴϽϸϴ ϴЁϴ
Ѐ ЀϾЙЁ ϵЂϿϴϸЏғ ϢЁϸϴϽ ϾЂЀЃЂЁϹЁІІϹЄ ϴІϴЄЏЁϴ ЂЄϷϴЁϼϾϴϿЏ ІЏЁϴϽІ ЏЌІϴЄ, ЅЇ ЄϹІІϹϷЙЌІϹЄЙ Ϻ ЁϹ
ЀϼϾЄЂБϿϹЀϹЁІІϹЄ ϺϴІϴϸЏғ ϢЅЏЁϸϴϽ ϺЂϿϸϴЄϸЏң ϵЙЄЙ – ЃϴϽϸϴϿЏ ІЂЃЏЄϴ ЀϼϾЄЂϴ ϻϴϿϴЄЏ ϾϹЌϹЁЙЀϹЁ
ϼЁЂϾЇϿГЊϼГϿϴЇ ("Ϻ ІЏЄЇ") ϵЂϿЏЃ ІϴϵЏϿϴϸЏ Дқ,γЖғ
ϥЂң Џ ϾϹϻϸϹЄЙ ЀϼϾЄЂϵϼЂϿЂϷϼГϿЏ ЃЄϹЃϴЄϴІІϴЄϸЏ ϴЇЏϿ ЌϴЄЇϴЌЏϿЏ ЏЁϸϴ ЂϿϸϴЁЇ ϴ ϸϹϷϹЁ
ЏϻЏ ЇЌЏϿЏ ϴЄІЏЃ ϾϹϿϹϸЙғ ϕ Ͽ БϾЂϿЂϷϼГϿЏ Іϴϻϴ ЁЙЀ ϴϿЇ Ѐ ЅϹϿϹЅЙЁϹ ϸϹϷϹЁ Ͼ ϻ ϴЄϴЅІЏң ϻϷϹЄЇЙЁϹ
Ϻ ЁϹ ϴϷЄЂ ЁϹЄϾ ЅЙЃІЙң ϺϹЄ ЃϴϽϸϴϿϴЁЇϸЏң БϾЂϿЂϷϼГϿЏ Ϻϴ ЏЁϴ ϵϴЅϴ Ѐ Ё ϵϹЄЇЙЁϹ ϵϴϽϿϴЁЏЅІЏ ϵЂϿЏЃ
ЂІЏЄғ ϕ ЄЌϴ ϸϴ ЏϿϸϴЄЏ ІϴЀЏЄϿϴЄЏЁϸϴ ϴϻЂІІЏң ϺϼЁϴϿЇЏЁϴ ЅϹЃІЙϷЙЁ ІЙϷЙϻϹІЙЁ ЀϼϾЄЂϴ ϻϴϿϴЄϸЏ
ϵϹϿЅϹЁϸЙЄЇϷϹ ϾϹІϹІЙЁ ЌЏ ЏЁЁЏң ϴϻϸЏ Џ Ϻ ЁϹ БϾЂϿЂϷϼГϿЏ ІϴϻϴϿЏ Џ ϵ Ͽ ЃЄЂϵϿϹЀϴЁЏ ϵϼЂϿЂϷϼГϿЏ
Ϻ ЁϹ ϴϷЄЂІϹЉЁϼϾϴϿЏ ϴЇ ЏЀϸϴ Џ ЀϴңЏϻϸЏ ϻϹЄІІϹЇϿϹЄϸЙң ϴІϴЄЏЁϴ ϺϴІ ЏϻЇ ϴ ϼІϹЄЀϹϿϹϽϸЙ Д4Жғ
ϕЙϻϸϹЄ Ϻ ЄϷЙϻϷϹЁ ϻϹЄІІϹЇ Ϻ ЀЏЅІϴЄЏЁЏң Ѐϴ ЅϴІЏ – І ϽЁϹϾ ϵϴϾІϹЄϼГϿϴЄЏЁЏң ϵϹϿЅϹЁϸЙ ЌІϴЀЀ-
ϸϴЄЏЁ ЅЂГ ϹϷЇϸϹ ЂϿϸϴЁЇ ІϼЙЀϸЙϿЙϷЙЁ ϴЁЏ ІϴЇ ϵЂϿЏЃ ІϴϵЏϿϴϸЏғ ϱϾЅЃϹЄϼЀϹЁІІϹЄ ЇЁϼ϶ϹЄЅϼІϹІІЙң
ϴϷЄЂϵϼЂІϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼГϿЏ ЏϿЏЀϼ-І ϺЙЄϼϵϹϿЙϾ ϹϷЙЅ ϴϿϴϵЏЁϸϴ Ќϴ ЏЁ ГЌЏ ІϴЄϸϴ ϵЙЄЁϹЌϹ Ё Ѕ ϴϿϴЄ
ϵЂϽЏЁЌϴ Ϻ ЄϷЙϻЙϿϸЙғ
ГЌЏ ІϴЄ ϴ ЅϹϵЙϿϹІЙЁ І ЏЀϸϴЄϸЏ ңϸϹЇ ЌЙЁ ЅЂГ ϵϴϾІϹЄϼГϿϴЄЏЁЏң әЫКНвЫСТгШЛТЮЦ УКЩШЧТМЮЦ
18, Bradyrhizobium japonicum AKC-
ҚҮ ЌІϴЀЀϸϴЄЏ ЃϴϽϸϴϿϴЁЏϿϸЏғ ϢϿϴЄ ϴ ЂЅЏЀЌϴ ЅЇЃϹЄЈЂЅ NS
ЀϼЁϹЄϴϿ ІЏЁϴϽІ ЏЌЏ ϵϹЄЙϿϸЙғ ϕϴ ЏϿϴЇ Ё Ѕ ϴЅЏЁϸϴ І ϽЁϹϾ ϵϴϾІϹЄϼГϿϴЄЏЀϹЁ ңϸϹϿЀϹϷϹЁ ЅЂГ І ЏЀ-
ϸϴЄЏ ЅϹϵЙϿϸЙғ ϕϴЄϿЏ Ё Ѕ ϴϿϴЄϸϴ ϹϷЇ ЌЙЁ ЅЂГЁЏң «ϡϹЁϴ» ЅЂЄІЏЁЏң І ЏЀϸϴЄЏ ЃϴϽϸϴϿϴЁЏϿϸЏғ
Ϧ ϽЁϹϾ ϵϴϾІϹЄϼГϿϴЄЏЁ ЂϿϸϴЁЇ ІϼЙЀϸЙϿЙϷЙЁ ϵϴ ϴϿϴЇ ЁЙЀϸЙϿЙϾІЙ ϹЅϹЃІϹЇ ϺЂϿЏЀϹЁ Ϻ ЄϷЙϻЙϿϸЙғ
ϔϻЂІ ЃϹЁ ϴ ЇЏϻϸЏң ЅϴϿЀϴ ІЏ ϿϹЅІϹЄЙЁ, Қ000 ϸ ЁЁЙң ЀϴЅЅϴЅЏЁ Іғϵғ ϴЁЏ ІϴЇ Ϻ ЀЏЅІϴЄЏ « ϿІІЏ
ЅϴЄϴЃІϴЇ Ϻ ЁϹ ЅϹЄІϼЈϼϾϴІІϴЇ ЂЄІϴϿЏ ЏЁϸϴ» Ϻ ЄϷЙϻЙϿϸЙғ
ϛϹЄІІϹЇ ϾϹϻЙЁϸϹ ЅЂГЁЏң ϶ϹϷϹІϴЊϼГϿЏ ϾϹϻϹңЙ Қγγ Ͼ ЁϷϹ ЅЂϻЏϿϸЏғ ϕ Ͽ Ͼ ЄЅϹІϾЙЌ ϴІϴϿ ϴЁ «ϡϹЁϴ»
ЅЂЄІЏЁЏң ЅϼЃϴІІϴЀϴЅЏЁϴ Ѕ ϽϾϹЅ ϾϹϿϹϸЙғ ϨϹЁЂϿЂϷϼГϿЏ ϵϴ ЏϿϴЇϿϴЄ ϾϹϻЙЁϸϹ ЅЂГ ІϴЀЏЄϿϴЄЏЁϸϴ І ϽЁϹϾ
ϵϴϾІϹЄϼГϿϴЄЏ ϵϴϽ ϴϿ ϴЁ ϺЂ ғ ϙϷϹЄ ЅЂГ ϵ ЄЏЁ ϹϷЙϿЀϹϷϹЁ, ЁϹ ІϹ ϹЄІϹϸϹ ϹϷЙϿϷϹЁ ϺϹЄϷϹ ЅϹϵЙϿЅϹ
ІЂЃЏЄϴ Іϴ Џ І ϽЁϹϾ ϵϴϾІϹЄϼГϿϴЄЏЁЏң ЅϴЁЏ І ϽЁϹϾІϹЄϸЙң Ϻϴ ЅЏ ϸϴЀЇЏЁϴ Ϻ ЁϹ ϴІЀЂЅЈϹЄϴϿЏ ϴϻЂІІЏ
ϵϹϿЅϹЁϸЙ ЅІϴЇЏЁϴ ϺϹІϾЙϿЙϾЅЙϻ ϵЂϿЇЏ Ѐ ЀϾЙЁғ ϥЂЁϸЏ ІϴЁ І ЏЀϸЏ ЂЁϸϴϽ ϺϹЄϷϹ ЅϹϵЇϸϹЁ ϵ ЄЏЁ
І ϽЁϹϾ ϵϴϾІϹЄϼГϿϴЄЏЀϹЁ ϼЁЂϾЇϿГЊϼГϿϴЇ ІϹ ЀϴңЏϻϸЏғ
ϧЁϼ϶ϹЄЅϼІϹІІЙң ϹϷЙЅ ϴϿϴϵЏЁϸϴ ЅЂГ ϵ ЄЏЁ ϹϷЙϿЀϹϷϹЁғ ϥЂϿ ЅϹϵϹЃІЙ ЅϹϵЙϿϹІЙЁ І ЏЀ І ϽЁϹϾ ϵϴϾІϹ-
ЄϼГϿϴЄЏЀϹЁ ϼЁЂϾЇϿГЊϼГϿϴЁϸЏғ ϕЙЄϴ ϾϹϽϸϹ ϼЁЂϾЇϿГЊϼГ ϸϴ ІϴϵЏЅІЏ ϵЂϿϴ ϵϹЄЀϹϽϸЙғ ϢЁϸϴϽ ϾϹϻϸϹ І Ͻ-
ЁϹϾІϹЄϸЙң ЁϴЌϴЄ ϸϴЀЇЏ ЁϹЀϹЅϹ ІЙЃІЙ ϵЂϿЀϴЇЏЁϴЁ ЅЂГ ϴ ϴϻЂІ ϺϹІЙЅЃϹЇЙ Ѐ ЀϾЙЁғ ϔϻЂІ ІЏЁϴϽІ ЏЌІϴЄЏ
ЅЂГ ϹϷЙϿϷϹЁЁϹЁ ϾϹϽЙЁ ϵϹЄЙϿϸЙғ Ϧ ϽЁϹϾ ϵϴϾІϹЄϼГϿϴЄЏ ЌЙЁ ϵϴЄϿЏ Ϻϴ ϸϴϽϿϴЄ ϴϺϹІ, ϵЙЄϴ ЂЁЏң ЙЌЙЁϸϹ
ЅЙЄϹЅϹ ІЂЃЏЄϴ Іϴ Џ ϴϻЂІІЏң ϴϻϸЏ Џ Ϲң ЀϴңЏϻϸЏ ЈϴϾІЂЄ ϵЂϿЏЃ ІϴϵЏϿϴϸЏғ ϔϻЂІ ϺϹІЙЅЃϹЇЌЙϿЙϷЙЁ
ЅЂГЁЏң ЁЙЀϸЙϿЙϾ Ͼ ЄЅϹІϾЙЌЙЁϹЁ ϵϴϽ ϴЇ ϴ ϵЂϿϴϸЏғ ϘϹϷϹЁЀϹЁ ϵЙϻϸЙң Ϻϴ ϸϴϽЏЀЏϻϸϴ ЂЁЏң ЉϼЀϼГϿЏ
ЄϴЀЏЁЏң ЁϹϷЙϻϷЙ ЃϴЄϴЀϹІЄϿϹЄЙ ϴϿЏЃІЏ ϸϹңϷϹϽϸϹ ϵЂϿϸЏ (Қ ϾϹЅІϹ)
39
Қ ϾϹЅІϹ - Ϧ ϽЁϹϾ ϵϴϾІϹЄϼГϿϴЄЏ ЌІϴЀЀϸϴЄЏЁ ЅЂГ ϹϷЇϸϹ ЂϿϸϴЁЇ ІϼЙЀϸЙϿЙϷЙ
№
Ѓ/Ѓ
Ϧ ϺЙЄϼϵϹ Ё Ѕ ϴϿϴЄЏ
ЁЙЀϸЙ-
ϿЙϾ, Њ/Ϸϴ
1000
ϸ ЁЁЙң
ЅϴϿЀϴ Џ, Ϸ
ϔϻЂІІЏң
ϿϹЅ ЅϴϿ-
Ѐϴ Џ, %
ϔ ЇЏϻϸЏң
ϿϹЅ
ЅϴϿЀϴ Џ, %
ϡϴ ІЏ
Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙ,
Ϸ/Ͽ
1
ϕϴ ЏϿϴЇ
5,93
114,5
5,68
35,5
711,9
2
әЫКНвЫСТгШЛТЮЦ УϴЩШЧТМЮЦ ӘKӚ-17
6,22
122,2
5,72
35,8
745,0
3
әЫКНвЫСТгШЛТЮЦ УϴЩШЧТМЮЦ Қү
6,91
90,3
5,96
37,3
716,2
4
әЫКНвЫСТгШЛТЮЦ УϴЩШЧТМЮЦ
AKC-
ҚҮ + ЅЇЃϹЄЈЂЅ NS
6,86
95,0
5,64
35,3
709,7
5
әЫКНвЫСТгШЛТЮЦ УϴЩШЧТМЮЦ Қү +
ЅЇЃϹЄЈЂЅ NS
6,90
96,9
5,88
36,8
714,1
ϙң ϺЂ ϴЄЏ І ЏЀ ЁЙЀϸЙϿЙϷЙ (6,ҰҚ Њ/Ϸϴ), ϴϻЂІ ЃϹЁ ϴ ЇЏϻϸЏң ϿϹЅ ЅϴϿЀϴ Џ (ІϼЙЅЙЁЌϹ 5,Ұ6 Ϻ ЁϹ
γҮ,γ%) №γ (BrКНвrСТгШЛТЮЦ У pШЧТМЮЦ 18) Ё Ѕ ϴЅЏЁ ЃϴϽϸϴϿϴЁ ϴЁϸϴ ϴϿЏЁϸЏғ №γ Ё Ѕ ϴЅЏЁϸϴ І ЏЀ
ЁЙЀϸЙϿЙϷЙ ϵϴ ЏϿϴЇ Ё Ѕ ϴЅЏЁϴЁ 0,Ұү Њ/Ϸϴ ϺЂ ϴЄЏ ϵЂϿϸЏғ ϦϴϿϸϴЇϿϴЄ І ϽЁϹϾІϹЄϸЙң ϵЂϿЀϴЇЏЁϴЁ
ЅЙЀϸЙϾІϹЄϸϹ ϴϻЂІ ϺϹІЙЅЃϹЇЌЙϿЙϷЙ ЂЄЏЁ ϴϿϴІЏЁϸЏ ЏЁ, ϴϿ ϴϻЂІЃϹЁ ЅІϹЃ ЂЄϹϾІϹЁϸЙЄЇ ЅЂГ ЁЙЀϸЙϿЙϷЙЁϹ
Ђң Џ ЃϴϿ ϹІϹІЙЁϸЙϷЙЁ Ͼ ЄЅϹІІЙғ
ϢЅЏ ϻϹЄІІϹЇϿϹЄϸϹ ЇЁϼ϶ϹЄЅϼІϹІІЙң ϹϷЙЅ ϴϿϴϵЏ ІЂЃЏЄϴ ЏЁЏң ϴϷЄЂЉϼЀϼГϿЏ ЄϴЀЏ ϴЁЏ ІϴϿϸЏғ
ϛϹЄІІϹЇ ϵϴЄЏЅЏЁϸϴ ІЂЃЏЄϴ ІЏң І ϺЙЄϼϵϹ ϵϴЅІϴϿ ϴЁ ϴ ϸϹϽЙЁϷЙ Ϻ ЁϹ І ϺЙЄϼϵϹ ЅϴϿЏЁ ϴЁЁϴЁ ϾϹϽЙЁϷЙ
ЉϼЀϼГϿЏ ЄϴЀЏ ϵϹЄЙϿϷϹЁғϛϹЄІІϹЇ Ё ІϼϺϹϿϹЄЙЁϹЁ Ͼ ЄЙЁЙЃ ЂІЏЄ ϴЁϸϴϽ ІЂЃЏЄϴ Іϴ Џ ЁϼІЄϴІІЏ ϴϻЂІ,
ϴϻЂІ, ϾϴϿϼϽ Ϻ ЁϹ ЈЂЅЈЂЄ Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙЁЙң І ЀϹЁ ϹϾϹЁϸЙϷЙ Ͼ ЄЙЁϹϸЙғ ϕϴϾІϹЄϼГϿϴЄ ЀϼЁϹЄϴϿ ϴϻЂІІЏң ϴЄІЏ
Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙЁϹ ІϹ ЅϹϻЙЀІϴϿғ ϢϿϴЄ ЂЁϸϴϽ Ϻϴ ϸϴϽϸϴ І ϽЁϹϾ І ϻЇϸЙ Ϻ ЁϹ ЅϼЀϵϼЂϻϸЏ Ϻ ϽϹЁЙң ϴϻЂІ ЅІϴЇ
ЏϻЀϹІЙЁ ЄІ ϵϴГЇϿϴІϴϸЏғ ϕЙϻϸЙң ϻϹЄІІϹЇϸϹ ІЂЃЏЄϴ Іϴ Џ ϴϻЂІ Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙ ϴϻ ϵЂϿ ϴЁϸЏ ІϴЁ ЅЙЀϸЙϾ
ІϴЀЏЄϿϴЄЏЁϸϴ І ϽЁϹϾІϹЄ ІϴϵЏϿ ϴЁ ϺЂ ғ ϦϹϾ №γ Bradyrhizobium У pШЧТМЮЦ Қү Ё Ѕ ϴЅЏЁϸϴ Ͼ ϻ ЀϹϻϷЙ-
ϿЙЁϸϹ ϷЇЀЇЅ Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙ Қ,45 %- ϴ ІϹң ϵЂϿϸЏғ ϕ Ͽ ϵϴЅ ϴ Ё Ѕ ϴϿϴЄϸϴЁ ϺЂ ϴЄЏғ ϛϹЄІІϹЇ Ё ІϼϺϹЅЙЁϸϹ ЅЂГ
І ЏЀϸϴЄЏЁ І ϽЁϹϾ ϵϴϾІϹЄϼГϿϴЄЏЀϹЁ ϼЁЂϾЇϿГЊϼГϿϴЇϸЏң ЂЁЏң ЁЙЀϸЙϿЙϾ Ͼ ЄЅϹІϾЙЌІϹЄЙЁϹ Ђң Џ ЃϴϿ
ϹІϹІЙЁϸЙϷЙ ϴЁЏ ІϴϿϸЏғ
ϥЂГ І ЏЀЏЁЏң ЀЂϿ ЁЙЀЙ (ϷϹϾІϴЄЏЁϴ 6,ҰҚ Њ) Ϻ ЁϹ ϴϻЂІ ЃϹЁ ϴ ЇЏϻ ϿϹЅЙЁЙң ϺЂ ϴЄЏ ϵЂϿЇЏ
(ІϼЙЅЙЁЌϹ 5,Ұ6 Ϻ ЁϹ γҮ,γ%) №γ Bradyrhizobium У pШЧТМЮЦ Қү Ё Ѕ ϴЅЏЁϴ І Ё ϵЂϿϸЏғ ϢЅЏ Ё Ѕ ϴЁЏ
ЃϴϽϸϴϿϴЁ ϴЁϸϴ І ЏЀ ЁЙЀϸЙϿЙϷЙ ϵϴ ЏϿϴЇ ϴ ϴЄϴ ϴЁϸϴ ϷϹϾІϴЄЏЁϴ 0,Ұү Њ, ϴϿ ϴ ЇЏϻ Ϻ ЁϹ ϴϻЂІ ϿϹЅЙ
ІϼЙЅЙЁЌϹ Қ,Ү5 Ϻ ЁϹ 0,қү % ϺЂ ϴЄЏ ϵЂϿ ϴЁϸЏ Џ ϴЁЏ ІϴϿϸЏғ
ϘϙϕϜϙϦϦϙϤ ϦІϛІϠІ
1.
ϠЂϼЅϹϹЁϾЂ Ϝғϫғ, ϢϿϹЁϾЂ϶ ϣғϜғ ϥϼЀϵϼЂІϼЋϹЅϾϴГ ϸϹГІϹϿАЁЂЅІА ϴϷЄЂЊϹЁЂϻЂ϶ ЅЂϼ, ЉϼЀϼЋϹЅϾϼϽ
ЅЂЅІϴ϶ ЃЄЂϸЇϾЊϼϼ ϾЇϿАІЇЄ ϻϹЄЁЂ϶ЏЉ ЅϹ϶ЂЂϵЂЄЂІЂ϶ ЃЄϼ ЄϴϻϿϼЋЁЂЀ ЁϴЅЏЍϹЁϼϼ ϼЉ ЃЂЅϹ϶ϴЀϼ ЅЂϼ
//ϖϹЅІЁϼϾ ϕЄГЁЅϾЂϽ ϷЂЅЇϸϴЄЅІ϶ϹЁЁЂϽ ЅϹϿАЅϾЂЉЂϻГϽЅІ϶ϹЁЁЂϽ ϴϾϴϸϹЀϼϼғ – 2009. - №5ғ – ϥ.17.
2.
ϛ϶ГϷϼЁЊϹ϶ Ϙғϗ, ϕϴϵАϹ϶ϴ Ϝғϣғ, ϛϹЁЂ϶ϴ ϗғϠғ ϕϼЂϿЂϷϼГ ЃЂЋ϶ғ Ϡғұ Ϡϗϧ, қ005ғ – Ққ6Ѕғ
3.
ϠϹЁϷϹϿА Ϙғ ϣЂϸϾЂЄЀϾϴ ЅЂϼ ϴϻЂІЁЏЀϼ ЇϸЂϵЄϹЁϼГЀϼ ЃЄϼ ϴϻЂІЁЂЀ ϷЂϿЂϸϴЁϼϼ ЄϴЅІϹЁϼϽ
(ϣϹЄϹ϶Ђϸ Ѕ ϴЁϷϿϼϽЅϾЂϷЂ, ϖғϖғ ϡЂЅЂ϶) // ϖϹЅІЁϼϾ ϠϹϺϸЇЁϴЄЂϸЁЂϷЂ ϜЁЅІϼІЇІϴ ЃϼІϴЁϼГ ЄϴЅІϹЁϼϽ, 2013.-
№Қғ ϥ – 11.
ϢϚ 634.23:581.17
І
І Ә
І Ұ
. ., . . .,
. .,
ң
і,
і,
.,
E-mail: aijan_alenova@mail.ru
ϥ І-ϴϸϴЀЁЏң ϵϴ ϴϿЏ ϴϻЏ ІϴЄЏЁЏң ϵЙЄЙғ ϢϿ Іϴ ϴЀϸϴ Џ ЁϸЏϿЏ Џ ϵЂϽЏЁЌϴ ϾϹϻ-ϾϹϿϷϹЁ ЁЙЀ
ϴϿЀϴЅІЏЄϴ ϴϿϴϸЏ, ϵЙЄϴ ϵЙЄ ϸϹ ϵЙЄ ЁЙЀ Ѕ ІІЙ ϴϿЀϴЅІЏЄЀϴϽϸЏғ ϥ І ϴϸϴЀ ІϴЀϴ ІϴЁЇЏЁϸϴ Џ ϵϴЄϿЏ
ЂЄϹϾІЙ ϻϴІІϴЄϸЏ- ϴ ЇЏϻ, ЀϴϽ, Ͼ ЀЙЄЅЇ Ͼ ϻϸϹЄЙЁ ЂЄϷϴЁϼϻЀϷϹ ЂңϴϽ ЅЙңЙЄϹϸЙ [1].
40
ϴϻЙЄϷЙ ϾϹϻϸϹ ЃϴЅІϹЄϼϻϴЊϼГϿϴЁ ϴЁ Ѕ ІϾϹ ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁϸϹЄ ЂЅϴϸЏғ ϥ ІІЙң ϻЙЁЙң ЄϴЀЏ ЀϹЁ ЈϼϻϼϾЂ-Љϼ-
ЀϼГϿЏ ϴЅϼϹІІϹЄЙ Ϻ ЁЙЁϹЁ ЃϴЅІϹЄϼϻϴЊϼГϿϴЁ ϴЁ Ѕ ІІϹЁ ϴϽЏЄЀϴЌЏϿЏ Џ, Ђ ϴЁ ϴЅϾЂЄϵϼЁ ЏЌ ЏϿЏЁЏң
ЂЅЏϿЇЏЁϸϴғ ϕЙϻϸЙң ϹϿЙЀЙϻϸϹ Ѕ ІϾϹ ЅЂЁϸϴϽ-ϴ ϔ Ϻ ЁϹ Ϙ ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁϸϹЄЙЁ ЂЅЇϸЏң ІϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼГЅЏ ϺϴЅϴϿЇϸϴғ
ϕЙϻϸЙң ϻϹЄІІϹЇ Ϻ ЀЏЅЏЀЏϻϸϴ І ЄϿЙ ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁϸϹЄϸЙң Ѕ ІІЙң ЅϴЃϴЅЏЁϴ ЅϹЄЙ ϻϹЄІІϹϿϸЙғ ϥ І ЅЏЁϴЀϴ-
ϿϴЄЏ Ќ ЂϺϴϿЏ ІϴЁ ϴϿЏЁϸЏғ Ϙ ЄЇЀϹЁϸϹЄϸЙ Ѕ ІϾϹ ϷЂЀЂϷϹЁϸϹЁϷϹЁ І ЄϸϹ ЂЅІЏ .
ϞϹЅІϹ Қ - ЄІ ЄϿЙ ЅϼЏЄ І ЏЀϸϴЄЏЁϴЁ ϴϿЏЁ ϴЁ Ѕ ІІЙң ϵϼЂЉϼЀϼГϿЏ ЄϴЀЏ
«ϔϿϴІϴЇ»
« ЇϿϼϹ-ϴІϴ»
« ЏЄϸЏң ЏϻЏϿ ЅϼЏЄЏ»
Є ϴ ϻϴІ, ℅
12,5
12,1
11,3
ϠϴϽϿЏϿЏ Џ, ℅
3,82
3,9
3,65
ϕϹϿЂϷЏ, ℅
3,35
3,4
3,3
ϟϴϾІЂϻϴ, ℅
3,9
4,2
4,1
ϥ ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁЙ, ЀϷ/℅
1,8
1,89
1,76
ϞϹЅІϹϸϹϷЙ Ё ІϼϺϹϿϹЄϸϹЁ « ЇϿϼϹ-ϴІϴ» ЅϼЏЄ Ѕ ІЙЁЙң ϵϼЂЉϼЀϼГϿЏ ЄϴЀЏЁ ϹЅϾϹЄЅϹϾ « ЏЄϸЏң
ЏϻЏϿ ЅϼЏЄЏ» ЀϹЁ «ϔϿϴІϴЇ» ЅϼЏЄϿϴЄЏЀϹЁ ЅϴϿЏЅІЏЄ ϴЁϸϴ ЁϸЏ ϹϾϹЁЙЁ Ͼ ЄЇϷϹ ϵЂϿϴϸЏғ
ϥ І Ϻ ЁϹ Ѕ І ЁЙЀϸϹЄЙ ЄϴЀЏЁϸϴ Џ ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁϸϹЄϸЙ ІЂϿЏ Ѕϴ ІϴЇ ЌЙЁ ЃϴЅІϹЄϿϹЇ І ЄІЙϵЙЁ Ϻ ЁϹ
ϴϿЏЃІЏ Ѕϴ ІϴЇ Ϻϴ ϸϴϽϿϴЄЏЁ ϺϴЅϴЇ ϴϺϹІғ ϥЂЁЏЀϹЁ ϵЙЄϷϹ, Ѕ І Ϻ ЁϹ Ѕ І ЁЙЀϸϹЄЙЁ ϺϴЅϴЁϸЏ І ЄϸϹ
ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁϸϹЄЀϹЁ ІЂϿЏ ІЏЄЇ ϴ ϵЂϿϴϸЏғ ϕ Ͽ І Є ЏϸϴЁ ϴϿ ϴЁϸϴ Ѕ ІІЙ ЇϿАІЄϴϾ ϿϷЙЁ Ѕ ЇϿϹЅЙЀϹЁ ңϸϹЇϸЙң
ЀϴңЏϻЏ ϻЂЄ, ЅϹϵϹϵЙ ЇϿАІЄϴϾ ϿϷЙЁ Ѕ ЇϿϹЅЙЁЙң ЅϹЄЙЁϹЁ ϸϹϷϼϸЄЂЉЂϿϹЅІϹЄϼЁ Ϙ
3
ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁЙЁϹ ϴЇЏЅϴϸЏғ
ϥ ІІЙ ϺЏϿЇЀϹЁ ңϸϹϷϹЁϸϹ ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁϸϹЄϸЙң ϵЙЄϴϻ ϵ ϿЙϷЙ, ЅЙЄϹЅϹ, ϖ Ϻ ЁϹ ϥ ІЂϵЏЁϸϴ Џ ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁϸϹЄ
ϵ ϻЏϿϴІЏЁЏ ϵϹϿϷЙϿЙ.
ϥ ІІЙ ЏϻϸЏЄ ϴЁϸϴ, ϴϽЁϴІ ϴЁϸϴ ϙ ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁЙЁЙң Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙ ІЏЀ ϴϻϴϽЏЃ ϾϹІϹϸЙғ ϥ ІІЙ ЏϻϸЏЄ ϴЁϸϴ,
ϴϽЁϴІ ϴЁϸϴ ϖ
2
ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁЙЁЙң Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙ ϴϻϴϽЀϴϽϸЏғ
ϥЏЁϴЀϴϸϴ Џ ϻϹЄІІϹϿϷϹЁ Ѕ ІІϹϷЙ ϔ ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁЙ 0,0ққ ЀϷ ϵЂϿϸЏ, ϴϿ ϴϽЁϴІЏϿ ϴЁ Ѕ ІІϹ Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙ Ѕϴ -
ІϴϿϸЏ, ϴϿ ϥ ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁЙ Қ,4 ЀϷ ϵЂϿϸЏ, ϴϿ ϴϽЁϴІЏϿ ϴЁ Ѕ ІІϹ ϥ ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁЙЁЙң Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙ 50 ℅- ϴ ϸϹϽЙЁ
ϴϻϴϽϸЏғ ϥ ІІϹϷЙ ϙ ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁЙ 0,0ү ЀϷ ϵЂϿϸЏ, ϴϿ ϴϽЁϴІЏϿ ϴЁ Ѕ ІІϹ ϙ ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁЙ ІЏЀ ϴϻϴϽЏЃ ϾϹІІЙ, Г Ёϼ
0,0қ ЀϷ Ͼ ЄЅϹІІЙғ
ϛϹЄІІϹϿϷϹЁ Ѕ ІІϹϷЙ ϖ
1
ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁЙ қ,Қ ЀϷ Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙЁϸϹ ϵЂϿϸЏ, ϴϿ Ѕ ІІЙ ЏϻϸЏЄ ϴЁϸϴ, ϴϽЁϴІ ϴЁϸϴ
ЂЁЏң Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙ қ5 ℅- ϴ ϸϹϽЙЁ ϴϻϴϽ ϴЁЏЁ Ͼ ЄЇϷϹ ϵЂϿϴϸЏғ
Ϟ ϾІϹЀ ЀϹϻϷЙϿЙЁϸϹ ЅϼЏЄ Ѕ ІЙЁϸϹ ϴЅϾЂЄϵϼЁ ЏЌ ЏϿЏЁЏң ϾЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴЊϼГЅЏЁЏң Ͼ ЄІ І ЀϹЁϸϹЇЙ
Ͼ ϾІϹЀϸϹϷЙ ϴ϶ϼІϴЀϼЁЂϻ ϴ, ЂϿ ЅϼЏЄ ϺϴϽЏϿЏЀЏЁϸϴ Џ Ќ Ѓ ЂЄЏЁЏң ϴϻϴВЏЁϴ ϵϴϽϿϴЁЏЅІЏғ ϔϿϴϽϸϴ Ϻϴϻ
ЀϹϻϷЙϿЙЁϸϹ Ͼ ϾІЙң ЌЏ ЇЏЁϴ Ϻ ЁϹ ϴϻЏ ЂЄЏЁЏң ϾϹңϹВЙЁϹ ϵϴϽϿϴЁЏЅІЏ ϴЅϾЂЄϵϼЁ ЏЌ ЏϿЏЁЏң
ЀϴϾЅϼЀϴϿϸЙ Ѐ ЁЙ қ,ү ЀϷ/Ͽғ
ϥϴЇЏϿϴІЏЁ ЅϼЏЄ Ѕ ІЙЁϸϹ ϥ ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁЙЁЙң Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙ ϴϻЏ ІЏң ЅϴЃϴЅЏЁϴ ϵϴϽϿϴЁЏЅІЏғ ϥ І ЁЙЀϸϹ-
ЄЙЁϸϹϷЙ ϴЅϾЂЄϵϼЁ ЏЌ ЏϿЏЁЏң ϾЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴЊϼГЅЏ ЅЂϿ Ѕ ІІЙң ЄϴЀЏЁϸϴ Џ Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙ ϵЂϽЏЁЌϴ ϴЇЏІ ЏЃ-
ϴЇЏІ ЏЃ ЂІЏЄϴϸЏғ
ϕϹϿϷЙϿЙ ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁϸϹЄϷϹ ϴЄϴ ϴЁϸϴϽ ϴЅϾЂЄϵϼЁ ЏЌ ЏϿЏ Ϻϴ ЅЏ ϻϹЄІІϹϿϷϹЁғ ϕ Ͽ Ϻ ЀЏЅІϴ ϺЏϿ
ЀϹϻϷЙϿϸϹЄЙ ϵЂϽЏЁЌϴ ϴϿЏЁ ϴЁ ЅϼЏЄ Ѕ ІЙЁϸϹϷЙ ϥ ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁЙЁЙң Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙ ϻϹЄІІϹϿϸЙғ (ϥЇЄϹІ Қ)
ϥЇЄϹІ Қ - ϚЏϿ ЀϹϻϷЙϿϸϹЄЙ ϵЂϽЏЁЌϴ ϴϿЏЁ ϴЁ ЅϼЏЄ Ѕ ІЙЁϸϹϷЙ ϥ ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁЙЁЙң Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙ
2,8
1,1
2,3
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
Жаз
Көк ем
Қы
ϔЅϾЂЄϵϼЁ ЏЌ ЏϿЏ,
г/100
41
ϥ ІІϹϷЙ ϴЅϾЂЄϵϼЁ ЏЌ ЏϿЏЁЏң ϾЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴЊϼГЅЏ Ϻϴϻ ЀϹϻϷЙϿЙЁϸϹ қ,ү ЀϷ/Ͽғ ϔϿ Ͼ ϾІϹЀϸϹϷЙ ЅϼЏЄ
Ѕ ІЙЁϸϹ І ЀϹЁϷЙ Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙ ϵϴϽ ϴϿϴϸЏ Ϻ ЁϹ ЂϿ Қ,Қ ЀϷ/Ͽ ЄϴϽϸЏғ ϕ Ͽ ϴϻЏ ЂЄЏЁЏң Ϻϴ ЅϴЄЇЏЁϴ ІЙϾϹϿϹϽ
ϵϴϽϿϴЁЏЅІЏ, ϴϻЏ ЂЄЏ ϺϹІϾЙϿЙϾЅЙϻ Ϻ ЁϹ ЁϴЄЅЏϻ ϵЂϿЇЏЁϴ ϵϴϽϿϴЁЏЅІЏ Ͼ ϾІϹЀ ЀϹϻϷЙϿЙЁϸϹ І ЀϹЁ
ϵЂϿϴІЏЁЏЁ ϴІϴЃ Ͼ ЄЅϹІЇ ϾϹЄϹϾғ
ЂЄЏІЏЁϸЏϿϴϽ ϾϹϿϹ, ϻϹЄІІϹЇ Ϻ ЀЏЅЏЁЏң Ё ІϼϺϹЅЙ ϵЂϽЏЁЌϴ ЀЏЁϴϸϴϽ І ϺЏЄЏЀ ϺϴЅϴЇ ϴ ϵЂϿϴϸЏұ
-
Ѕ І ЁЙЀϸϹЄЙ ТЌϹϾІϹЄϸТң Ϻ ЀЏЅЏЁ Ϻϴ ЅϴЄІϴϸЏ, ϴЇЄЇ ІЇϸЏЄϴІЏЁ ТЌϹϾ ЀϼϾЄЂЈϿЂЄϴЅЏЁЏң
ІЙЄЌЙϿЙϷЙЁ ІЂ ІϴІϴϸЏ, ϴЄІЏ ЉЂϿϹЅІϹЄϼЁϸЙ ϺЂГϸЏғ
-
Ѕ ІІϹϷЙ ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁЁЙң Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙ ϴϻЏ ІϴЁϸЏЄЇ ϸϹңϷϹϽЙЁϹ, ЀϴϿϸЏң І ЏЀϸЏ Ϻ ЁϹ ϺϹϾϹ ϹЄϹϾЌϹϿЙϾ-
ІϹЄЙ, ϿϴϾІϴЊϼГ ϴ, ЀϴϿϸЏң ϴϻЏ ІϴЁЇ ЄϴЊϼЂЁЏЁϴ Ϻ ЁϹ ϺЏϿ ЀϹϻϷЙϿϸϹЄЙЁ ϹЅϾϹЄϹ ЂІЏЄЏЃ, Ͼ ϾІϹЀ ϴϽϿϴЄЏЁ-
ϸϴ Ѕ ІϾϹ ЂЅЏЀЌϴ ϥ- ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁЙЁ ЂЅЇ, Ѕ І ЁЙЀϸϹЄЙЁЙң ЁϴЄϿЏϿЏ ЏЁ ϴЄІІЏЄЇ ϴ ЅϹЃІЙϷЙЁ ІϼϷЙϻϹϸЙ;
-
Ѕ ІІЙ ЏϻϸЏЄ ϴЁϸϴ, ϴϽЁϴІ ϴЁϸϴ ϖ
1
ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁЙЁЙң Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙ Қ0-25%- ϴ ϴϻϴϽЏЃ ϾϹІЇЙЁϹ ϵϴϽϿϴЁЏЅ-
ІЏ ЂЅЏЀЌϴ ϖ
1
ϸ ЄЇЀϹЁЙЁ ЂЅЇϸЏ Ϻ ϻϹϷϹ ϴЅЏЄЇ ϾϴϺϹІ;
-
Ѕ І ЁϸЙЄЇϸϹϷЙ ІϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼГϸϴ ЂϿϸϴЁЏϿϴІЏЁ І ЄϿЙ ϸЙЅІϹЄ ϴЄ ЏϿЏ Ѕ ІІЙң ЁϴЄϿЏϿЏ Џ І ЀϹЁ-
ϸϹϽϸЙ, ЅЂ ϴЁ ЂЄϴϽ Ѕ І ЁЙЀϸϹЄЙЁϹ ЂЅЏЀЌϴ ϶ϼІϴЀϼЁϸϹЄϸЙ ЂЅЇ ϴЄ ЏϿЏ ЁЙЀϸЙ ЁϴЄϿЏ ЄЙ ЃϴϽϸϴϿЏ
ϹІЙЃ ЅЏЁ ϴЁ ІϹ ІϼЙЀϸЙғ
ϘϙϕϜϙϦϦϙϤ ϦІϛІϠІ
Қғ ϔЁϸЄϹϹ϶ϴ Ϡғϔғ, ϠЂϿЂϾϹϹ϶ ϔғϖғ, ϠЂϿЂϾϹϹ϶ϴ ϡғϖғ ϼ ϸЄғ ϤϴϻЄϴϵЂІϾϴ ϿϹЋϹϵЁЏЉ ϼ ϸϼϹІϼЋϹЅϾϼЉ ϾϼЅ-
ϿЂЀЂϿЂЋЁЏЉ ЃЄЂϸЇϾІЂ϶-БЇϵϼЂІϼϾЂ϶ // Ϛ - Ͽғ ϕϼЂІϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼГғ ϦϹЂЄϼГ ϼ ЃЄϴϾІϼϾϴ № γ - 4, 2005, Ѕғ5γ - 54.
ϢϚ 637.35
І І
І І І Ұ
І
. .,
,
. ., . . .,
,
ң і
,
.,
E-mail: elzhan.akhmetov@mail.ru
ϴϻЙЄϷЙ Їϴ ЏІІϴ Іϴ ϴЀ ЁЙЀϸϹЄЙ ЁϴЄЏ Џ ϴ ЇЏϻϸЏң, ЃϴϽϸϴϿЏ ϻϴІІϴЄϸЏң ϺЂ ϴЄЏ ϿϹЅЙ ϵϴЄ
ЁЙЀϸϹЄЀϹЁ ϺϹІϾЙϿЙϾІЙ ϵϴϽЏІЏϿЀϴ ϴЁғ ϥ І Ϻ ЁϹ Ѕ І ЁЙЀϸϹЄЙ ϴϻЙЄϷЙ ϻϴЀϴЁ Џ ϴϸϴЀЁЏң ІϴЀϴ ІϴЁЇЏЁϸϴ
ϿϾϹЁ Є Ͽ ϴІ ϴЄϴϸЏғ ϢЁЏң ЄϴЀЏЁϸϴ ϴЇЏЅІЏЄЏϿЀϴϽІЏЁ ϴЀϼЁ ЏЌ ЏϿϸϴЄЏ ϵϴЄғ ϥЂЁϸЏ ІϴЁ Ѕ І
ЁЙЀϸϹЄЙЁЙң ЁϴЄЏ Џ ϴϻϴ ЅІϴЁϸϴ ϴϻЏ -І ϿЙϾ ЁЙЀϸϹЄЙЁЙң ЁϴЄЏ ЏЁЏң Ϲң ϿϾϹЁ ЅϹϾІЂЄϿϴЄЏЁЏң ϵЙЄЙ
ϵЂϿЏЃ ІϴϵЏϿϴϸЏғ
ϕЙϻϸЙң ϹϿЙЀЙϻϸϹ ЉϴϿЏ ІЏ ІЂϿЏ ϴЁϸЏ Іϴ ϴЀ ЁЙЀϸϹЄЙЀϹЁ ϴϻЏ ІЏ ϴЀІϴЀϴЅЏϻ ϹІЇ ϴϺϹІІЙϿЙϷЙ
ϵϴϽ ϴϿϴϸЏғ ϢЅЏ ЄϹІІϹ ЏІϴϽϵ ЄЌϴ ЁЙЀϸϹЄЙ ϻ ϿϹЅЙЁ ϾϹңϹϽІϹ ϴϿϴЄ ϹϸЙғ ϴϻϴ ЅІϴЁϸϴ ІЂЈЇϸЏ І ІЏЁЇ
Ѐ ϸϹЁϼϹІЙ ϺЂ ғ Ϟ ЃЌЙϿЙϷЙ ЂЅЏ ЁЙЀЁЙң ЃϴϽϸϴϿЏ ϹϾϹЁЙЁ ϵЙϿϹϸЙ, ϵЙЄϴ ЂЁЏң ϹЄϹϾЌϹϿЙϾІϹЄЙ ІЇЄϴϿЏ ϵЙϿϹ
ϵϹЄЀϹϽϸЙғ ϦЂЈЇ ЙЄЙЀЌЙϷЙЁ ϴϿЇ ЁϹϷЙϻЙ ϺϴЁЇϴЄІϹϾІЙ ϴ ЇЏϻϸϴЄ ϴ ЅϴЅ ІЂϿЏ ϴЁϸЏ ϴ ЇЏϻ ϴ ϼϹ ЏІϴϽ-
ϵ ЄЌϴ ϵЂϿЏЃ ІϴϵЏϿϴϸЏғ ϔ ЇЏϻ Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙ ϵЂϽЏЁЌϴ ЏІϴϽϵ ЄЌϴ ϵϴϿЏ , Ϻ ЀЏЄІ ϴ, ЅϼЏЄ ϹІЙЁϹЁ ϴЅЏЃ
І ЅϹϸЙғ ϦЂЈЇ ЙЄЙЀЌЙϷЙЁЙң ϴϽІϴЄϿЏ ІϴϽ ϹЄϹϾЌϹϿЙϷЙ Ͼ ЌІЙ ϴЁІϼЂϾЅϼϸϴЁІ ϵЂϿЏЃ ІϴϵЏϿϴІЏЁ Ϻ ЁϹ ϵЂЅ
ЄϴϸϼϾϴϿϸϴЄϸЏ ϵϹϽІϴЄϴЃІϴЁϸЏЄϴІЏЁ ϼϻЂЈϿϴ϶ЂЁϸϴЄϸϴЁ ϵϴϽ ϴϿϴϸЏғ ϕЙЄϴ ІЂЈЇϸЏ ЂϿϸϴЁЇϸЏ ЌϹϾІϹЇ
ϴϺϹІ, ЅϹϵϹϵЙ ϴϿ ϴЁЌϴ ϵϹϻЙЁЙң ϴЇЄЇϿϴЄЏЁ ЂϻϸЏЄЇЏ Ѐ ЀϾЙЁғ ЏІϴϽϵ ЄЌϴ ЁЙЀϸϹЄЙЁ ЌϴЀϴϸϴЁ ІЏЅ
ЂϿϸϴЁЇ Ѐϼ ϵϹϿЅϹЁϸЙϿЙϷЙЁЙң ϵϴГЇϿϴЁЇЏЁ ЂϻϸЏЄЇЏ Ѐ ЀϾЙЁ ДҚЖғ
ϦЂЈЇ ϢңІ ЅІЙϾ – ϬЏ ЏЅ ϔϻϼГ ϹϿϸϹЄЙЁϸϹϷЙ ( ЏІϴϽ, ϚϴЃЂЁϼГ, ϞЂЄϹГ, ϦϴϽϿϴЁϸ Ϻ ЁϹ ϖАϹІЁϴЀϸϴ)
Ϲң ЁϹϷЙϻϷЙ Іϴ ϴЀ ЁЙЀЙ Ϻ ЁϹ ЏІϴϽϵ ЄЌϴ ІϴЁ ϺϴЅϴϿϴІЏЁЏ ϵϹϿϷЙϿЙғ
ЄϴЀЏЁϸϴ ЀϴϽ, Ͼ ЀЙЄЅЇϿϴЄ ϴϻ, ЅЂϿ ЅϹϵϹЃІЙ ϾϴϿЂЄϼГЅЏ ϸϴ Ͼ Ѓ ϹЀϹЅғ ϔϿϴϽϸϴ ЂЁЏң ЄϴЀЏЁϸϴ ϴ -
ϻϴЀЏϻ ϴ ІϹ ϴϺϹІІЙ Ұ ϴЀϼЁ ЏЌ ЏϿϸЏң ϵϴЄϿЏ Џ ϵϴЄғ ϦЂЈЇ ϺϴЅ ЁЏ ЃϹЁ ϾϴϿАЊϼϽϷϹ ϵϴϽ, Ϻ ЄϹϾ ϴЇЄЇ-
ϿϴЄЏЁϴ ЌϴϿϸЏ ϴЁϸϴЄ ϴ ЃϴϽϸϴϿЏ, ЄϴЀЏЁϸϴ ЉЂϿϹЅІϹЄϼЁ ϵЂϿЀϴϽϸЏғ
ЏІϴϽϵ ЄЌϴ ІЏң ңϸϹϿϷϹЁ ЁЙЀϸϹЄЙ ϺЂ ϴЄЏ ϵϼЂϿЂϷϼГϿЏ ЁϸЏϿЏ ЏЀϹЁ ϹЄϹϾЌϹϿϹЁϹϸЙ Ϻ ЁϹ
ϺϴЁЇϴЄ ϴ ЇЏϻϸϴЄЏЁЏң ϴϿЀϴЅІЏЄ ЏЌЏ ϵЂϿЏЃ ІϴϵЏϿϴϸЏғ
ϦЂЈЇ ЙЄЙЀЌЙϷЙЁЙң ЉϼЀϼГϿЏ ЄϴЀЏ ϾϹϿϹЅЙұ ЅЇ – ү4,55%; ϴ ЇЏϻ – ү,0Ү%; ϿϼЃϼϸІϹЄ – 4,Үү%; Ͼ -
ЀЙЄЅЇϿϴЄ - Қ,үү%; Ͼ Ͽ - 0,72%.
ϦЂЈЇ ЙЄЙЀЌЙϷЙЁ ϴϿЇϸЏң ϸ ЅІ ЄϿЙ ІϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼГЅЏ ϾϹϿϹЅЙ ІϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼГϿЏ ЃЄЂЊϹЅІϹЄϸϹЁ І ЄϴϸЏұ
ЏІϴϽϵ ЄЌϴ ϸ ЁϸϹЄЙЁ ϺЇЇ, ϸ ЁϸϹЄϸЙ ЙЅЙЄЇ, Ѕϴ ІϴЇ, ЏІϴϽϵ ЄЌϴ Ѕ ІЙЁ ϴϿЇ, ЏІϴϽϵ ЄЌϴ Ѕ ІЙЁ
ЈϼϿАІЄϿϹЇ, ЏІϴϽϵ ЄЌϴ ϴ ЇЏϻЏЁ І ЁϸЏЄЇ, ЃЄϹЅЅІϹЇғ
42
ϴϻЙЄϷЙ ϾϹϻϸϹ ϵϴЄϿЏ Іϴϵϼ ϼ ЂЄІϴϿϴЄϸϴ ϵϴ ЏϿϴЁЏЃ ЂІЏЄ ϴЁ ϿϴЅІϴЇЌЏ ЉϼЀϼГϿЏ ϻϴІІϴЄϸЏң
ЁϹϷЙϻϷЙϿϹЄЙЁЙң ϵЙЄЙ – ϴЇЏЄ ЀϹІϴϿϸϴЄғ ϔЇЏЄ ЀϹІϴϿϸϴЄ – ІЏ ЏϻϸЏ Џ ІϹЀЙЄϸЙң ІЏ ЏϻϸЏ ЏЁϴЁ (Ү,үҮ4 Ϸ/ЅЀ
3
)
ϴЄІЏ ϵЂϿϴІЏЁ І ЅІЙ ЀϹІϴϿϸϴЄ ІЂϵЏғ ϢϿϴЄ ϴ ЀЏЄЏЌ, ЂЄ ϴЅЏЁ, ϴϿϴϽЏ, ЀϴЄϷϴЁϹЊ, ϶ϼЅЀЇІ, ЀЏЅ, ЅЏ-
ЁϴЃ, Ѕ ЄЀϹ, ЁϼϾϹϿА, ϾϴϸЀϼϽ ϺϴІϴϸЏғ ϢϿϴЄ ϵ ϽЄϹϾ, ϵϴЇЏЄ, ϵЇЏЁ ЅϼГ ІЏ Ѐ ЌϹϿϹЄϸϹ ϺϼЁϴ ІϴϿЏЃ, ϴϸϴЀ
ϸϹЁЅϴЇϿЏ ЏЁϴ ϿϾϹЁ ϴЇЙЃ І ЁϸЙЄϹϸЙғ Ϟ ЃІϹϷϹЁ ϴЇЏЄ ЀϹІϴϿϸϴЄ, ЂϿϴЄϸЏң ЙЌЙЁϸϹ ЂЄ ϴЅЏЁ, ϾϴϸЀϼϽ,
ЉЄЂЀ, ЁϼϾϹϿА ЇϿЏ ϻϴІІϴЄϸЏң ϴІϴЄЏЁϴ ϺϴІϴϸЏғ ϢϿϴЄ Іϴ ϴЀ, ЅЇ, ϴЇϴ ϴЄ ЏϿЏ ЂЄϷϴЁϼϻЀϷϹ І ЅϾϹЁϸϹ ЏϸЏ-
ЄϴЀϴϽϸЏ, ϾϹЄЙЅЙЁЌϹ, ІЙЄЙ ЂЄϷϴЁϼϻЀϸϹЄϸϹ ϺϼЁϴ ІϴϿЏЃ, ϻϴ Їϴ ЏІ ϵЂϽЏ Ѕϴ ІϴϿϴ ϴϿϴϸЏ Ϻ ЁϹ ϴϾϾЇЀЇϿГ-
ЊϼГϿϴЁ ϴЁ Ї ЄϹІЙЁϸϹ ЅϹЄ ϹІϹϸЙғ ϥЂЁϸЏ ІϴЁ, ϴЇЏЄ ЀϹІϴϿϸϴЄϸЏң ЂЄЌϴ ϴЁ ЂЄІϴϸϴ Џ Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙ ϵϹϿϷЙϿϹЁ-
ϷϹЁ ЌϴЀϴϸϴЁ ϴЅЃϴЇЏ ϾϹЄϹϾғ ϠϹІϴϿϸϴЄϸЏң ЂЅЏ ϴЅϼϹІІϹЄЙЁϹ Ϻ ЁϹ ЂЄЌϴ ϴЁ ЂЄІϴЁЏң ϵϴ ЏϿϴЇЅЏϻ
ϿϴЅІϴЁЇЏЁϴ ϵϴϽϿϴЁЏЅІЏ, ІϾϹЁ ϴЅЏЄϸЏң 50-ЌЙ ϺЏϿϸϴЄЏЁϴЁ ϾϹϽЙЁ ІЙЄЙ ЂЄϷϴЁϼϻЀϸϹЄϸЙң ϺϴЃЃϴϽ
ЇϿϴЁЇЏ ϵϴϽ ϴϿϴ ϵϴЅІϴ ϴЁ ДқЖғ
ϥЏЄІ Џ ЂЄІϴЁЏң ϴЇЏЄ ЀϹІϴϿϸϴЄЀϹЁ ϿϴЅІϴЁЇ Ͼ ϻϸϹЄЙ ϴЇЏϿ ЌϴЄЇϴЌЏϿЏ ЏЁϸϴ ЂϿϸϴЁЏϿϴІЏЁ
ЃϹЅІϼЊϼϸІϹЄϸЙң, ІЏңϴϽІ ЏЌІϴЄ, ϴϿϸЏ ЅЇϿϴЄϸЏң Ќ ϷЙЁϸЙϿϹЄЙ ϵЂϿЏЃ ІϴϵЏϿϴϸЏғ ЂЄ ϴЅЏЁ, ϾϴϸЀϼϽ,
ЀЏЌАГϾ Ϻ ЁϹ ЅЏЁϴЃ Іϴ ϴЀ ЁЙЀϸϹЄЙЁЙң ϸ ЁϼϹ Ϻ ϻЙϿЙϾ ЅϴЇϸϴЅЏЁϸϴ ІϹϾЅϹЄЙϿϹІЙЁ ϾЂЀЃЂЁϹЁІІϹЄϸЙң ϴ-
ІϴЄЏЁϴ ϾЙЄϷϹЁғ ϧϿЏϿЏ Џ ІϹ ϺЂ ϴЄЏ БϿϹЀϹЁІІϹЄϸЙң ( ЂЄ ϴЅЏЁ, ϾϴϸЀϼϽ, ЀЏЌАГϾ Ϻ ЁϹ ЅЏЁϴЃ) ЁЂЄЀϴЅЏ
ЁϸЙЄЙЅІЙϾ ЌϼϾЙϻϴІ ЃϹЁ Іϴ ϴЀЁЏң ЁЂЄЀϴϸϴЁ ϴЅЏЃ ϾϹІЇЙ ϴϻϴ ЅІϴЁ ІϹЄЄϼІЂЄϼГϿϴЄЏЁϸϴ ϾϹϻϸϹЅЙЃ І ЄϴϸЏғ
ϢЅЏ Ѐϴ ЅϴІІϴ ϕϴІЏЅ ϴϻϴ ЅІϴЁ ңЙЄЙЁϸϹ ЁϸЙЄЙϿϹІЙЁ ІЂЈЇ ЙЄЙЀЌЙϷЙЁЙң ЄϴЀЏЁ ϴЇЏЄ ЀϹІϴϿϿ І ϻϸϴЄЏЁϴ
ІϹϾЅϹЄЙϿϸЙғ
ϥЏЄІ Џ ЂЄІϴЁЏң ϴЇЏЄ ЀϹІϴϿϸϴЄЀϹЁ ϿϴЅІϴЁЇ Ͼ ϻϸϹЄЙ ϴЇЏϿ ЌϴЄЇϴЌЏϿЏ ЏЁϸϴ ЂϿϸϴЁЏϿϴІЏЁ ЃϹЅ-
ІϼЊϼϸІϹЄϸЙң, ІЏңϴϽІ ЏЌІϴЄ, ϴϿϸЏ ЅЇϿϴЄϸЏң Ќ ϷЙЁϸЙϿϹЄЙ ϵЂϿЏЃ ІϴϵЏϿϴϸЏғ ЂЄ ϴЅЏЁ, ϾϴϸЀϼϽ,
ЀЏЌАГϾ Ϻ ЁϹ ЅЏЁϴЃ Іϴ ϴЀ ЁЙЀϸϹЄЙЁЙң ϸ ЁϼϹϺ ϻЙϿЙϾ ЅϴЇϸϴЅЏЁϸϴ ІϹϾЅϹЄЙϿϹІЙЁ ϾЂЀЃЂЁϹЁІІϹЄϸЙң ϴІϴ-
ЄЏЁϴ ϾЙЄϷϹЁғ ϧϿЏϿЏ Џ ІϹ ϺЂ ϴЄЏ БϿϹЀϹЁІІϹЄϸЙң ( ЂЄ ϴЅЏЁ, ϾϴϸЀϼϽ, ЀЏЌАГϾ Ϻ ЁϹ ЅЏЁϴЃ) ЁЂЄЀϴЅЏ Ё-
ϸЙЄЙЅІЙϾ ЌϼϾЙϻϴІ ЃϹЁ Іϴ ϴЀЁЏң ЁЂЄЀϴϸϴЁ ϴЅЏЃ ϾϹІЇЙ ϴϻϴ ЅІϴЁ ІϹЄЄϼІЂЄϼГϿϴЄЏЁϸϴ ϾϹϻϸϹЅЙЃ І ЄϴϸЏ ДқЖғ
ϕ Ͽ ϵϴГЁϸϴЀϴϸϴ ІЂЈЇ ЙЄЙЀЌЙϷЙЁЙң ЄϴЀЏЁϸϴ Џ ϴЇЏЄ ЀϹІϴϿϸϴЄϸЏ ϴЁЏ ІϴЇ Ё ІϼϺϹϿϹЄЙ ϾϹϿІЙ-
ЄЙϿϷϹЁғ
ϛϹЄІІϹЇ ЀϴІϹЄϼϴϿϸϴЄЏ ЀϹЁ ϸЙЅІϹЀϹЅЙғ ϦЂЈЇ ЙЄЙЀЌЙϷЙЁЙң
ЄϴЀЏЁϸϴ Џ ϴЇЏЄ ЀϹІϴϿϸϴЄϸЏ
ϴЁЏ ІϴЇ Ϛ ңϷЙЄ ЉϴЁ ϴІЏЁϸϴ Џ ϕ ϔϦϧ ЏϿЏЀϼ – ϻϹЄІІϹЇ ϼЁЅІϼІЇЁЏң ϻϹЄІЉϴЁϴЅЏЁϸϴ Ϻ ЄϷЙϻЙϿϸЙғ
ϦЂЈЇ ЙЄЙЀЌЙϷЙЁϸϹϷЙ ϴЇЏЄ ЀϹІϴϿϸϴЄ ϠϙϠϥϦ қ6ҰқҰ-Ұ4 ϵЂϽЏЁЌϴ ϴЁЏ ІϴϿϸЏғ ϕ Ͽ ЅІϴЁϸϴЄІ Іϴ ϴЀϸЏ
ЌϼϾЙϻϴІ Ϻ ЁϹ ЁЙЀϸϹЄϷϹ ЂϿϸϴЁЏϿϴϸЏ Ϻ ЁϹ ЂϿϴЄϸЏң ЄϴЀЏЁϸϴ Џ ЀЏЅ, ЂЄ ϴЅЏЁ, ϾϴϸЀϼϽ, ЀЏЄЏЌ, ІϹЀЙЄ,
ЉЄЂЀ, ЁϼϾϹϿА, ϴϿВЀϼЁϼϽ Ϻ ЁϹ ЀЏЌАГϾІЏң ϵϴЄ ϺЂ ЏЁ ϴЁЏ ІϴЇ ЌЙЁ ЅЏЁϴЀϴϿϴЄϸЏң ЏЌ ЏϿϸЏ
БϾЅІϴЄϾЊϼГЅЏ ЀϹЁ ЀϼЁϹЄϴϿϼϻϴЊϼГЅЏЁЏң ϸЙЅІϹЄЙЁ Ͼ ЄЅϹІϹϸЙғ ϛϹЄІІϹЇ Ё ІϼϺϹϿϹЄЙ Қ – ϾϹЅІϹϸϹ ϾϹϿІЙЄЙϿϷϹЁғ
ϞϹЅІϹ Қғ ϦЂЈЇ ЙЄЙЀЌЙϷЙЁЙң ЄϴЀЏЁϸϴ Џ ϴЇЏЄ ЀϹІϴϿϸϴЄϸЏ ϴЁЏ ІϴЇ Ё ІϼϺϹϿϹЄЙ
ϦϴϿϴЃІϴЄ, ЀϷ / ϾϷ,
ϦϤ ϞϢ 033
ϦϤ ϞϢ 021
ϡ ІϼϺϹϿϹЄ
ϠЏЅ
0,4
0,4
ϴЁЏ ІϴϿЀϴϸЏ
ϠЏЄЏЌ
1,5
1,5
ϴЁЏ ІϴϿЀϴϸЏ
ЂЄ ϴЅЏЁ
0,2
0,2
ϴЁЏ ІϴϿЀϴϸЏ
ϛϹЄІІϹЇ Ё ІϼϺϹϿϹЄЙЁ ІϴϿϸϴЇғ ϡ ІϼϺϹЅЙЁϸϹ ЅЃϹϾІЄЂЀϹІЄ ϴЃЃϴЄϴІЏЁϴ ЙЄЙЀЌЙϾІϹЁ ϸϴϽЏЁϸϴϿ ϴЁ
ЅЏЁϴЀϴ ЂϽЏЃ ϴЁЏ ІϴЇ ϵϴЄЏЅЏЁϸϴ ЂЄ ϴЅЏЁ, ЀЏЅ, ІϹЀЙЄ, ϺЂ ϹϾϹЁЙ ϴЁЏ ІϴϿϸЏғ
ϥЇЄϹІ Қ - ϥЃϹϾІЄЂЀϹІЄ ϴЃЃϴЄϴІЏЀϹЁ ЀЏЅІЏң, ЀЏЄЏЌІЏң Ѐ ϿЌϹЄЙЁ ϴЁЏ ІϴЇ Ё ІϼϺϹЅЙ
43
ЂЄЏІЏЁϸЏ
ϛϹЄІІϹЇ Ё ІϼϺϹϿϹЄЙЁЙң ЂЄЏІЏЁϸЏЅЏ ϵЂϽЏЁЌϴ ϻϹЄІЉϴЁϴ ϴ І ЅϾϹЁ ЙЄЙЀЌЙϾ ЅЏЁϴЀϴЅЏ ЄϴЀЏЁϸϴ
ϴЇЏЄ ЀϹІϴϿϿ І ϻϸϴЄЏЁЏң ϺЂ ϹϾϹЁϸЙϷЙ ϴЁЏ ІϴϿϸЏғ ϞϹϸϹЁ Ϣϸϴ ЏЁЏң ϦϹЉЁϼϾϴϿЏ ЄϹϷϿϴЀϹЁІІϹЄЙЁЙң
ІϴϿϴЃІϴЄЏЁϴ Ѕ ϽϾϹЅ ϵЂϿϸЏғ
ϘϙϕϜϙϦϦϙϤ ϦІϛІϠІ
1.
ϞЂЅІϹЁϾЂ ϔғϔғ ϥЃЂЅЂϵЏ ЃЄЂϼϻ϶ЂϸЅІ϶ϴ ЅЏЄϴ ІЂЈЇғ //ϡϴЇЋЁЏϹ ІЄЇϸЏ ϘϴϿАЄЏϵ϶ІЇϻϴғ ϖЏЃЇЅϾ
ІЂЀ γ5 / қ0Қ5ғ ϥғ Қ4γ-147.
2.
ϔϿϼЉϴЁЂ϶ ғϘғ, ϕϴϽϵЇϿϴІЂ϶ϴ Ϛғϕғ, ϴϻІϴϹ϶ϴ ϕғ ғ ϥ І ЄϴЀЏЁϸϴ Џ ϴЇЏЄ ЀϹІϴϿϿ І ϻϸϴЄЏЁ
ϴЁЏ ІϴЇғ // "γТұ ТЧЭОХХОМЭ, ТНОК, ТЧЧШЯКЭТШЧ - ϼЁІϹϿϿϹϾІ, ϼϸϹГ, ϼЁЁЂ϶ϴЊϼГ" №Қғ- 2016. 15-ҚҰ ϵғ
UDC 57.044
THE MAIN CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS OF THE ATMOSPHERE METROPOLIS ALMATY
I.B. Zhakupova - master of ecology, A. Zh. Bozhbanov- candidate o biological Sciences,
associate Professor, R. Z. Igcatov- candidate of medical Sciences
Almaty Technological University, Almaty
, az khstan
E-mail: www.inkar_18@mail.ru
Urban metropolis Wednesday organized and develops according to the laws of a complex system. The
city is fully applicable definition of a complex system that has received widespread in the general systems
theory as a specific (targeted) isolated from the environment an integral set and combining their connections
and relationships. Urban metropolis Wednesday dynamically developing complex system includes a number
of subsystems, the main ones are: natural, technological, economic and social [1].
In difficult and transitional socio-economic conditions, intense chemical pollution may impair the
quality of the urban environment. In terms of environmental pollution metropolis, possible migration of
contaminants from the atmosphere, the food chain and their accumulation in food.
Problems of air cleanliness has received increased attention in recent years. Anthropogenic pollution
of the atmosphere, in contrast to the natural focus on relatively small areas of the earth's surface (in the
industrial areas, urban areas [1].
The deterioration of the air environment of a megacity is one of the main indicators of the ecological
crisis in urban areas. Evaluation of atmospheric air of residential areas - one of the priority and urgent tasks
in the field of environmental protection. Ensuring environmental safety of food products is an important area
of public policy. The study of these problems and to find ways to resolve them in every region- urgent task
of ensuring the sustainable development of Kazakhstan [2].
Significant factors affecting the concentration of contaminants in the air, are the city's size, terrain,
type of planning and development, the availability of green space, the location of industrial sources
(territorial zones), city microclimate. The urban environment has a number of specific properties that
influence the formation of the meteorological regime in the surface air layer.
Metropolis urban population is constantly met with 60 thousands of chemical compounds of natural
and man-made. [2]
In the district of the high rate of development of industry, energy, transport, chemicals used in agricul-
ture and life, as well as urbanization has led to an increase in industrial, transportation, household and other
wastes, in-intensively polluting various objects of the environment, primarily the atmosphere. The biggest
share in air pollution account for carbon monoxide, sulfur compounds, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons,
particulate matter and heavy metal compounds [3].
The observations of the state of air pollution in the country found that the highest level of contami-
nation observed in Almaty. Sometimes the maximum concentrations of pollutants exceed the maximum
permissible concentration by 10-20 times. About 2 million people live in the southern capital of polluted air.
The annual volume of atmospheric pollution in Almaty reaches 150-250-thousand. Tonnes. Pollution of the
atmosphere is enhanced by the use of outdated technologies, inefficient treatment plants, poor quality used
vehicle fuel, poor use of alternative sources of energy [3].
Monitoring of air quality of residential areas by the individual stationary automatic stations. The list of
44
controlled substances and the placement point positions do not allow to characterize the contributions of
individual businesses and traffic. When conducting field investigations of the level of air pollution in
residential areas orientation pas compliance with only a single MAC masks the danger of long-term impact
of air pollution on ecosystems objects. In assessing the level of air pollution submitted field research in the
area of residential development is important to estimate the local conditions of pollution spreading in the
atmosphere, which are related to the nature of placing Industrial facilities and local sources of pollution, type
of building, relief of the city, the degree of greening [4].
Automobile-road complex of cities is a source of condensation aerosol release of exhaust gases and
aerosols disintegration as a result of wear of tires, brake pads and road surface wear. Near highways in air
samples revealed heavy metals (lead, zinc, copper, nickel, cadmium and chromium), which enter into the
atmosphere as a result of brake pad wear, tire. In general, the field studies do not provide a definitive answer
to the formation of the air pollution level. The results of studies of residential areas are relatively random, as
the number of positions is limited, as well as due to the influence of the background forming air pollution
complex "urban" sources [5].
In metropolitan areas road transport is a major source of air pollution, which is caused by a number of
distinctive features: the number of cars in major cities increased rapidly-INDICATES; vehicles - moving
source of air pollution, residential areas and places of recreation; Automobile emissions apply to breathing
level people; scattering of automotive emissions in urban areas is difficult. With regard to the composition of
vehicle exhaust gases must be said that cars, due to structural imperfections and operation defects emit into
the air, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, sulfur oxides. These environmental changes have a
negative impact on human health. Risk of influence of polluted air on human health are constantly increasing
the volume of air pollution, a variety of contaminants, an unusually high number of pollution for the human
body, before which the human body is defenseless, at particular risk of inhalation routes of exposure [6].
Air pollution currently caused by many factors of human life, but one of the main sources of this
process are the exhaust emissions of internal combustion engines. Diesel combustion engines pollute the
atmosphere with harmful substances emitted from the exhaust gases, crankcase gases and fuel vapors. The
group of toxic substances as the dangers are: nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, benzo (a) pyrene and other.
Nitric oxide is the greatest danger to the environment and human health. In action on the human body of
nitrogen oxides is about 10 times more dangerous carbon monoxide.
When used in large cities in the air fuel oil allocated mixture of organic compounds and nitrogen
oxides, which cause the formation of smog. Nitrogen oxides in the sunlight are very toxic to plants and
animals. The reason for the formation of smog, is the decomposition of nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide and
atomic oxygen. This reaction gives rise to the appearance of free radicals. Another source of free radicals are
aldehydes, released into the air during incomplete combustion of mixtures in automotive engines. The main
part of the atmospheric air pollution polluted metropolis toxicants such as nitrogen dioxide and carbon
monoxide, which is caused by emissions of vehicles.
The largest metropolis chemicals pollution levels recorded during the winter season, due to the
presence in the atmosphere free of reversals and stagnation air - calmness.
Almaty. November 12, 2010. Kazakhstan Today - The level of air pollution in Almaty exceeds the
maximum permissible concentration. This is stated in the daily bulletin of atmospheric air Almaty city
Hydrometeorological Center monitoring (CGM) of Almaty city. Monitoring of air quality was carried out on
5 stationary posts of observation of pollution located in different areas of the city. As indicated in the
bulletin, on 11 November 2010 in Almaty single concentration of pollutants exceed the MPC and amounted
to: in Bostandyk district of nitrogen dioxide 1.9 MAC, carbon oxide 1.3 MPC; in Almaly district of carbon
monoxide 2.2 MAC, 1.9 MAC nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide 2.1 MPC; in Zhetysu district of nitrogen
dioxide of 2.2 MAC, carbon oxide 1.9 MAC, 1.3 MAC suspended solids.
Thermal power plants are still one of the sources of air pollution in large cities. CHP fuel is coal, the
combustion of which is allocated to the atmosphere gaseous combustion products of coal - sulfur oxides,
nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide .
As a result of human economic activity in large cities formed natural-technogenic biogeochemical
provinceoil and gas, lead, zinc, arsenic, chromium, phosphorus and others. This was facilitated by the
absence of a unified environmental policy, the introduction of non-environmental technology, errors in the
design of a number of industrial and environmental facilities and so on. D. [4].
REFERENCES
1. Ashytova N. -
ϨϴϾІЂЄЏ ϶ϿϼГВЍϼϹ Ёϴ ϷЂЄЂϸЅϾЇВ БϾЂЅϼЅІϹЀЇ//ϣЄЂЀЏЌϿϹЁЁЂЅІА ϞϴϻϴЉЅІϴЁϴғ-
45
ϔϿЀϴІЏғ- қ0Қ0, № үғ- ϥғ γ5-37.
2. Plitman S. -
Ϣ ϾЂЀЃϿϹϾЅЁЂϽ ЂЊϹЁϾϹ ϷϼϷϼϹЁϼЋϹЅϾЂϷЂ ЁϹϵϿϴϷЂЃЂϿЇЋϼГ ІϹЄЄϼІЂЄϼϽ // ϗϼϷϼϹЁϴ ϼ
ЅϴЁϼІϴЄϼГғ - 1996. - № γғ - ϥғ γ6-38.
3. Musabekov R. -
ϖЄϹϸЁЂϹ ϶ЂϻϸϹϽЅІ϶ϼϹ ЂІЄϴϵЂІϴЁЁЏЉ ϷϴϻЂ϶ ϸϼϻϹϿГ Ёϴ ЂϾЄЇϺϴВЍЇВ ЅЄϹϸЇғ ϣЄЂ-
ЀЏЌϿϹЁЁЂЅІА ϞϴϻϴЉЅІϴЁϴғ ϔϿЀϴІЏғ- қ0Қ0, № үғ- ϥғ γү
4. Pivovarov Yu.P. -
ϗϼϷϼϹЁϴ ϼ ЂЅЁЂ϶Џ БϾЂϿЂϷϼϼ ЋϹϿЂ϶ϹϾϴғ ϥϹЄϼГ «ϧЋϹϵЁϼϾϼ ϼ ЇЋϹϵЁЏϹ
ЃЂЅЂϵϼГ»ғ - ϤЂЅІЂ϶-Ё/Ϙұ ϨϹЁϼϾЅ, қ00қғ - 5Ққ Ѕғ
5. Igsatov R.Z., Rahshieva Z.A., -
ϥ϶ЂϵЂϸЁЏϹ ЄϴϸϼϾϴϿЏ - ϼЁІϹϷЄϴϿАЁЏϽ ЈϴϾІЂЄ ЃЄЂϷЄϹЅЅϼЄЂ϶ϴЁϼГ
ЃЄЂЊϹЅЅϴ ЅІϴЄϹЁϼГ ЁϴЅϹϿϹЁϼГ ϞϴϻϴЉЅІϴЁϴ // ϖЂЃЄЂЅЏ ЀЂЄЈЂϿЂϷϼϼ ϼ ϾϿϼЁϼϾϼғ - ϔϿЀϴІЏ, қ0ҚҚғ-ϖЏЃғ
39.-
ϥғ γқ-35
6. Bozhbanov A.Zh., Dzhakupova I.B. -
ϛϴϷЄГϻЁϹЁϼГ ϶ЂϻϸЇЌЁЂϷЂ ϵϴЅЅϹϽЁϴ ЁϹЈІϹϸЂϵЏ϶ϴВЍϼЀϼ
ЃЄϹϸЃЄϼГІϼГЀϼ ϛϴЃϴϸЁЂϷЂ ϞϴϻϴЉЅІϴЁϴғ ϙ϶ЄϴϻϼϽЅϾϼϽ ЅЂВϻ ЇЋϹЁЏЉ ISSNқ5Ү5-ҮҰҰҰ ЋϴЅІА γ ϥϵЂЄЁϼϾ
ЁϴЇЋЁЏЉ ЄϴϵЂІ, ϠЂЅϾ϶ϴ ЁЂГϵЄА қ0Қ4
UDC 678
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