168 Бортников Лингвистический анализ Обложка cdr
Approaching Text Analysis
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| 1.2. Approaching Text Analysis
The problem of the text being a unique unit and object, different from all the units of language, demands to speak separately on the methods of its analysis. These methods can to some extent be borrowed from the units of the lower levels, as the text is composed of them. But as a separate object, the text as well needs its own procedures of analysis. Exercise 6. Read the following text and tick ( ) the approaches and methods applicable to text analysis. system approach hypothetic method field approach statistical method thesaurus approach oppositional method distributive and valency method contextual method componential method machinery method In her book Fundamentals of Scientific Research in Linguistics , Prof. I. V. Arnold distinguishes three main approaches (systematic, field, and thesaurus) and eight basic methods of study in modern linguistics: hypothetic, oppositional, distributive, statistical, valency, contextual, componential, and computer (machinery) 6 . All the examples given refer to the units lower than text. The s y s t e m can be defined as a number of elements connected with each other and altogether able to function as a whole. From this 5 Купина Н. А. Принципы и этапы лингвосмыслового анализа художественно- го текста : дис. ... д-ра филол. наук : 10.02.01. Свердловск, 1984. С. 19–20. 6 Арнольд И. В. Основы научных исследований в лингвистике. М., 1991. С. 17–61. 14 point of view, any language appears to be a system, and any text appears to be a system. Studying the system of the text as a whole became one of the main ideas of text linguistics. The f i e l d a p p r o a c h refers to a specific way of a system organization, wherein certain elements can realize this or that meaning more or less purely. According to its main founders Jost Trier and Johann Leo Weisgerber, the purest elements constitute the nucleus. The less purely the meaning is represented by the element, the farther from the nucleus it is placed – either in the sub-nuclear zone, or in the closest periphery, or in the farthest periphery. Any field can be depicted in the following way: Рис. 1. Структура поля nucleus the sub-nuclear zone the farthest periphery the closest periphery The number of the circles can be extended or diminished according to the certain needs of the research. For example, in some cases only the nucleus and the periphery can be distinguished, without further division into closest/farthest. The t h e s a u r u s a p p r o a c h implies using ideographic dictionaries, i. e. dictionaries organized according to the groups of meanings, not in the alphabetic order. In most famous Roget’s Thesaurus , six such classes have been distinguished: “Words Expressing Abstract Relations”, 15 “Words Relating to Space”, “Words Relating to Matter”, “Words Relating to the Intellectual Faculties”, “Words Relating to the Voluntary Powers”, and “Words Relating to the Sentiment and Moral Powers”. Each class is separated into sections, groups and subgroups. Therefore, this approach implies referring a certain linguistic unit, жүктеу/скачать 6,13 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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