According to Kibby, online learning and assessment should be seen not only within a learner-
centered approach, but also within a teacher-centered approach such as management systems.
According
to her research, distance assessment makes people accountable for their learning, and
learners can also take out quick and effective feedback. Distance assessment has more potential
than traditional
paper-based assessment, it is also very convenient and effective for students and
teachers to manage. Kibby, in her work, has identified several solutions to develop distance
assessment.
Which perspectives for learning are going to be assessed, cognitive (acquisition of
knowledge), behavioral (skill development), or humanistic (values and attitudes)?
Who is going to make the assessment, the student, their peers, or the instructor?
Will assessment strategies be learning experiences in themselves?
Is the assessment to be formative (providing feedback during learning) or summative
(measuring learning at the end of the process)?
Are judgments of performance made against peer standards (norm referenced) or
established criteria (criterion referenced)?
How can assessment provide a balance between structure and freedom?
Will the assessment be authentic, related to real life situations?
Will the assessment be integrated, testing a range of knowledge and skills?
How can reliability and validity of assessment be assured?
According to Meyen[16], there is very little difference between distance learning and
traditional education. He proposed methods for evaluating distance education
such as literature
reviews, collaborative projects, exams, real-time student reports, journal entries and e-portfolio. All
these methods were used in the experiment in 1997. He focused on electronic partfolios. The
electronic portfolio makes it possible to evaluate both summatively and formatively. It is also very
effective in measuring academic and professional skills.
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