Ахметова Гүлнас Кенжетайқызы
Білім беру жүйесінің басшы және
ғылыми-педагогикалық кадрлар
біліктілігін арттыратын республикалық
институтының директоры
педагогика ғылымының докторы,
профессор
Қазақстан
Ахметова Гульнас Кенжетаевна
Директор Республиканского института
повышения квалификации руководящих
и научно-педагогических кадров
системы образования
доктор педагогических наук, профессор
Казахстан
Gulnas Akhmetova
Director of the Republican institute of
development of leading and research
pedagogical staff of education system
Doctor of education, professor
Kazakhstan
Педагог қызметкерлердің біліктілігін
арттыру жүйесіндегі жаңа тәсілдер
Автор педагог кадрлардың біліктілігін
арттырудың өзекті проблемаларын қарастырады.
Еліміздің даму қарқыны талабынан туындаған,
республикада қалыптасып отырған өмір бойы
үздіксіз білім алуға көшу міндеті педагог
кадрлардың
біліктілігін
арттыру
жүйесін
жаңашаландыру мәселесін алға қойып отыр.
Баяндамада біліктілікті арттыру жүйесін қайта
құру жолдары, біліктілікті арттырудың, оны
қаржыландыру жүйесінің құрылымы мен
мазмұнының жаңа бағыттары сөз етілген.
Новые подходы в системе повышения
квалификации педагогических работников
Автор рассматривает актуальные проблемы
повышения квалификации педагогических кадров.
Сформулированная в республике задача перехода к
непрерывному в течение всей жизни образованию,
продиктованная темпами развития страны,
выдвигает проблему модернизации системы
повышения квалификации педагогических кадров.
В докладе освещаются пути реорганизации
системы повышения квалификации, новые
направления структуры и содержания повышения
квалификации, системы ее финансирования.
New approaches in in the system of in-service
teacher training
The author considers the current problems of
teachers training. The task to move to continuous life-
long education dictated by the pace of development,
which is formulated in the country raises the problem
of modernization of teachers training. The report
highlights the reorganization of the training, the new
direction of the structure and content of training, the
system of financing.
36
Новые подходы в системе повышения квалификации
педагогических работников
37
38
39
40
41
Пономарев Алексей Александрович
М. В. Ломоносов ат. Мәскеу мемлекеттік
университетінің Мамандандырылған
оқу-ғылыми орталығы директорының
оқу-тәрбиелеу жөніндегі орынбасары
Ресей
Пономарев Алексей Александрович
Заместитель директора по
учебно-воспитательной работе
Специализированного учебно-научного
центра Московского государственного
университета им. М.В. Ломоносова
Россия
Alexey Ponomorev
Deputy Director for Educational Work
Specialised Education-Research Center
M. Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russia
Мұғалімнің қалыптасуы және кәсіби өсуі
Баяндамада М.В. Ломоносов ат. Мәскеу мемлекеттік
университеті
Мамандандырылған
оқу-ғылыми
орталығының педагогтардың жеке тұлғалық және
кәсіби қасиеттерін қалыптастыру және жетілдіру
жөніндегі тәжірибесі көрсетілген. Автор ресей
социумының үздіксіз, өмір бойы білім алуға көшу
жағдайында педагог кадрлардың біліктілігін арттыру
жүйесін жаңашаландыру проблемасын көтередi.
Становление и профессиональный рост учителя
В докладе освещается опыт Специализированного
учебно-научного центра Московского государственного
университета им. М. В. Ломоносова по формированию и
совершенствованию личностных и профессиональных
качеств педагогов. Автор поднимает проблему
модернизации системы повышения квалификации
педагогических кадров в условиях перехода
российского социума к непрерывному, в течение всей
жизни, образованию.
The formation and professional
development of teachers.
The
report
reviews
the
experience
of
Specialized Educational and Scientific Center of M.V.
Lomonosov Moscow State University in forming
and improving personal and professional qualities of
teachers. The author discusses the problem of modernization
of the teacher training system in Russia’s transition to a
continuous, lifelong education.
42
Становление и профессиональный рост учителя
43
44
45
46
Хироюки Куно
Аичи Білім беру университетінің доценті
PhD докторы
Жапония
Хироюки Куно
Доцент Педагогического университета
Аичи
Доктор PhD
Япония
Kuno Hiroyuki
Associate professor of Aichi University of
Education
PhD
Japan
Сабақты Жапон көшбасшылық мектебі
тұрғысынан зерделеу: оқуды зерделеуді
тұжырымдамалау
Автор Жапония мектеп білімінің үлгісінде
мектеп мұғалімдерінің, жоғары оқу орындарының
оқытушылары мен ғалымдардың өзара тығыз қарым-
қатынаста болуы қажеттігін көрсетеді.
Мектептерде жоғары сапалы білім беруге қол жеткізу
мақсатында оқушылардың проблеманың шешімін
өздігінен іздеуін көздейтін «өзгерістерді басқару
жолдары» зерттеу-сабақ моделін қолдануды ұсынады,
бұл көмектеседі.
Изучение урока с позиции японской школы
лидерства: концептуализация изучения урока
Автор на примере школьного образования Японии
показывает необходимость тесного взаимодействия
учителей школ, преподавателей вузов и ученых-
педагогов.
В целях достижения высокого качества обучения
в школах раскрывает модель урока-исследования
«Рецепт управления изменениями», обеспечивающего
самостоятельный поиск решения проблемы учениками.
Lesson Study from Japanese School Leadership
Perspective: Conceptualizing Lesson Study as Change
Management Recipe
This paper describes relocation of Lesson Study model
from point of view of “Change Management Recipe” in
order to improve it and exam its feature and possibilities.
Thorough this paper the author tries to find a way to raise
Lesson Study into high quality of Teachers’ Professional
Learning and school improvement in Japan.
47
Conceptualizing Lesson Study as Change Management Recipe
Introduction
Since “rejoining” to the world history in 1868, Japanese had introduced new knowledge and way of thinking
from developed countries, especially the west Europe. In 1872, Japanese government established modern school
system, then in a couple of decade teachers’ educators in teacher’s colleges and also teachers in schools had
been influenced from philosophy of child-centered learning transferred from Europe. Lesson Study in Japan was
originated from this philosophical concept of human development and spread to schools in 1910’s and 1960’s
synchronous with democratic movement of society. Then since 1970’s Lesson Study has been fixed at almost of all
schools as an essential process for teachers’ professional development.
On these historical backgrounds, the Lesson Study has been stabilized as a culture and nature of school-based
teacher training in Japan. This long history of Lesson Study in Japan gives rich benefits to schools and teachers in
one hand, and in another hand it brings some difficulties in practice such as losing teaching and lesson observation
skills that has established in 1970’s, and motivation to improve their own lesson continuously. Almost of all
teachers draw their idea into Lesson Plan at least once a year and realize it in the Research Lesson, then reflect
it in the Post-Lesson Discussion Meeting with their colleague. This established Lesson Study system should be
innovated and passes to younger generation for further development. This is the situation that Japanese Lesson
Study is confronting at present.
This paper tries to describe relocation of Lesson Study model from point of view of “Change Management
Recipe” in order to improve it and exam its feature and possibilities. Thorough this paper the author tries to find a
way to raise Lesson Study into high quality of Teachers’ Professional Learning and school improvement in Japan,
as well as in Asian countries.
1. Lesson Study via Change Management Recipe
Lesson Study as school-based teacher training program includes
following basic processes: developing and composing a Lesson
Plan; examining the plan in a Research Lesson (RL); reflecting RL
in a Post-Lesson Conference (PLC); and acquired results from PLC
will be plasticized in daily lessons for improving teachers’ teaching
ability. This process is a most popular and basic unit of Lesson Study
program in Japan, and in the world as well. This process can be seen
as a change management recipe that is normally drown as a model
of “Plan-Do-Check-Action” cycle, and in this paper the author tries
to conceptualize Lesson Study Model as change management recipe
(see Fig.1).
In “P-phase” as in the
level, a relevant teacher for Research
Lesson will make a concept of the lesson with composing a Lesson
Plan. Pr-Lesson Meeting will be set up within the grade teacher team or
subject committee for detailed check. Generally making Lesson Plan
needs to refine draft plans a few times in order to make clear its purposes, methods and structures of the Research
Lesson. In “D-phase” as in the level, it is to conduct Research Lessons. To closely study from facts on how
children actually learn things. There are many ways to observe “aspects of children” during Research Lessons
such as filming a lesson in video, documenting a lesson in scripted record or observation of sample children/
students. In “C-phase” as in the level corresponds with a Post-Lesson Conference. In the PLC, you will
check developments or learning processes of children through collected data of the lesson from scripted lesson
documents or video footage, and verify results whether lesson purposes, methods and its structures are appropriate
or not. The PLC is an occasion to search keys or find assignments for further improvements of teachers’ skill and
quality of lessons. In A-phase as in the level, the results from the PLC are applied and assigned to daily
lessons.
These PDCA cycle can be known as “Lesson Study Management” plays key roll for establish of Lesson Study
program for both of the schools that newly introduced the concept of Lesson Study and also schools that has
already established school improvement system under cooperate of teachers. This cycle shows lesson is not under
possession of individual teachers or secret of classroom kingdom. Lesson is common resources among young and
Fig. 1 Changed Management Recipe
- compose Lesson Plan
- Pre-check of Lesson Plan
- conduct Research
Lesson
- conduct Post-Lesson
conference
- continual Lesson
improvement
48
skilled teachers include principal or curriculum managing teachers.
It is significant in the “P- phase” , in which Lesson Plan will be refined with some draft plans through
discussions, teachers exercise ideas with their colleague teachers by simulating how a lesson takes place in the
Research Lesson. The previous exercise on the Lesson Plan allows finding possible improvements or difficulties
in aspects that you may not have seen on your own.
The Lesson Study Management is a concept of whole of Lesson Study program and its cycle from preparing a
lesson to improvement of the lesson in the next stage. The Lesson Study Management is not limited on writing or
revising of Lesson Plan or conducting research lessons, but that is whole process or cycle of continual and essential
lesson improvement and school development.
2. Linking Macro and Micro PDCA Cycles of Lesson Study
Introducing a couple of Research Lesson in the school is not enough effective for improving individual
practices, because success or failure of a Research Lesson likely depends on skills of individual teachers. Normally
a school consists of different skilled and careered teachers those who belong at different levels: beginning, young,
middle and experienced. It is imperative to establish a Lesson Study program that covers an entire school so that
teachers have opportunity to enhance their
skills through cooperation with colleagues
to create Lesson Study cycle.
Figure 2 shows a model of a “macro
cycle of Lesson Study”, which aims to
improve quality of Lesson Study programs
through a year. This macro cycle is a tool
to develop a scheme for Lesson Study
programs and is also a program to improve
the nature of mid- and long-term Lesson
Study programs that aim to learn from
each other. Therefore to organize Lesson
Study program leads to establishing
teachers’ professional learning community
in that all teachers cooperate to improve
their teaching skills each other as expert and specialist of subject
and lesson development, and as colleagues in the school.
Figure 3 shows an annual flow of Lesson Study programs.
It is recommended to organically relate the three management
cycles as layers in order to reinforce Lesson Study programs with
the concept of Lesson Study Management:
The first cycle is to establish and improve a Lesson Study
program with the annual level “ Macro cycle”;
The second cycle is to improve skills to practice and observe
lessons with the “ Basic cycle” that is based on a single practice of
a Research Lesson;
The third cycle is to develop a skill to conceptualize lessons
with the “ Micro cycle”, in that to be prepared a detailed Lesson
Plan.
3. Lesson Study as Organizational Learning Model
3.1 Organizational Learning
Without organizational learning vision and mission by all
teachers and staff, significant improvements for quality of
Lesson Study are not achieved. It does not sufficiently help if efforts are simply preparing an annual plan or
taking leadership by one of few leaders as like school principal or curriculum manager. The improvements need
prolonged activities that at last more than one school year unless your purpose is to withstand an annual inspection
by the board of education or other institution. In addition to the leadership of the principal, mid-level leaders such
as a lesson study chief or curriculum coordination chief need to carefully make planning and pick up voices from
Pla
n o
f t
he
fir
st p
eri
od
R
es
ear
ch
L
ess
on
R
es
ear
ch
L
ess
on
R
efl
ec
t o
f L
S p
ro
gr
am
&
s
tu
dy
th
em
e
Pla
n o
f t
he
th
ird
p
eri
od
R
es
ear
ch
L
ess
on
R
efl
ec
t o
f L
S p
ro
gr
am
&
s
tu
dy
th
em
e
R
ev
is
e a
n
d
A
u
th
or
iz
e o
f a
n
n
u
al
pl
an
R
efl
ec
t o
f L
S p
ro
gr
am
&
s
tu
dy
th
em
e
Pla
n o
f t
he
s
ec
on
d p
eri
od
Third Period
Second Period
First Period
D
ec
is
io
n
o
f LS
p
ro
g
ra
m
fo
r
n
ex
t ye
ar
P D C P D C P D C A P
PDCA
PDCA
PDCA
PDCA
PDCA
PDCA
PDCA
PDCA
PDCA
“Macro cycle” in Annual LS program
“Basic cycle” in Research Lesson
Plan – Do – Check - Action
“Micro cycle” in Lesson Plan composition
Fig. 3 Three Lesson Study Management cycles in annual flow
Fig. 2 Macro cycle of Lesson Study Management
- foundation of organizations
- set study themes, aims and
strategies
- plan Lesson Study program
and annual plan
-analyze result and
annual plan
- revise plan for next
year
- evaluate results from LS
- evaluate annual plan
- reflect and find revise
topics in the plan
- implement Lesson Study
program in practice
- reflect individual
Research Lesson
PDCA
PDCA
PDCA
PDCA
PDCA
PDCA
49
department meetings and flexibly and confidently run Lesson Study programs. Otherwise, the scheme to support
Lesson Study for a school year or longer cannot be established. Therefore, it is necessary to develop in-school
organizations for Lesson Study. The following shows examples of organization for the Lesson Study.
3.1.1 Lesson Study Promotion Committee
The committee is substantially responsible for promoting a research lesson based on instructions and
counseling from principal, vice-principal or core teachers for school research. It is composed of a lesson study
chief, curriculum coordination chief, chief of subjects/grades teams and involved other responsible members to
facilitate the practical research. The major responsibilities of LS promotion committee are as follows:
–
To developing aims and strategies; to make an action plan to promote practical research
–
To establish organizations and Lesson Study annual programs,
–
To plan and run the LS promotion committee and teachers conference, and
–
To assign external lecturers; to coordinate for Research Lesson teachers
3.1.2 Teachers Conference
All teaches and staffs participate in the teachers’ conference. Aims and strategies of school development and
study are made decision in this conference. The major responsibilities of teachers’ conference are as follows:
–
To check and make decisions on proposals from the promotion committee,
–
To conduct Research Lessons, Pre-check of Lesson Plan and Post-Lesson Conference; and other training
programs, and
–
To discuss and reflect of result of Lesson Study program
3.1.3 Subject/Grade Committees
According to a research theme of the school, it is organized and founded such as subject committees or grade
committees. The major responsibilities of subject committees/grade committees are as follows:
–
To develop and practice an annual plan for Lesson Study for each subject or grade,
–
To plan and conduct a Research Lesson as well as Post-Lesson Conference,
–
To review Research Lessons of the term and to plan for the next term,
–
To review committees annual activities and to revise them for the next school year
3.2 Conducting a Research Lesson
According to school sizes or study themes, frequencies and scales of Research Lessons as part of Lesson Study
programs highly vary. Some schools that have nominate as pilot or project school to fulfill their study themes by
the board of education and have targets towards particular Lesson Study themes. On the contrary, others may not
be very familiar with Lesson Study as teachers’ training program and their achievement and result has been still
remained at poor level. In these cases, what should be a key to promote high quality Lesson Study program? The
Lesson Study can be an answer to change the current situation of the school and clarifies an image to improve. In
order to improve the quality of Lesson Study programs, a large number of practices of Research Lesson are not
necessary. Specifying aims and strategies of Lesson Study programs and a constructional approach are effective
for this purpose. The following is an example of a constructional approach for Lesson Study programs:
Firstly, a “S tandard Research Lesson” organized by only school staff without external lecturers or advisors.
This should be held three to four times per year
(depends on school size) involved subject and grade
committee. The purpose of this Lesson Study is for
each participant to clarify his/her own theme and to
improve lesson skills through collaborated reviews
on a Lesson Plan with collogues (Micro cycle of LS
management). This may be conducted along school
years and seek particular theme for subject /grade
committee.
Secondly, to conduct a Research Lesson as a
“S pecial Research Lesson”, that provides teachers’
external consultation for instance during inspection
by the board of education of the local government and
involves all teaching stuff of the school. This should be
held two to three times per year. The Special Research
Lesson should be organized by a teacher on request in
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