Пищевые ингредиенты, сырье и материалы
Bulletin of the South Ural State University.
Ser. Food and Biotechnology. 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 54
–69
66
DOI: 10.14529/food210407
CAROTENOIDS IN PLANT FOOD SYSTEMS
L.P. Nilova
1
, I.Yu. Potoroko
2
1
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
2
South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Carotenoids of food of plant origin are plant pigments with biological activity and antioxidant
properties, the bioavailability of which depends on mechanical and
thermal processing and the
presence of fats. Of the 40 carotenoids supplied with food, the main ones are carotenes – β- and
α-carotenes, lycopene and xanthophylls – lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin. The article presents
data on the content of various carotenoids in fresh vegetables, fruits and berries, published in re-
cent years. Fresh vegetables contain more carotenoids than fruits and berries, but have low bioa-
vailability. The main sources of carotenoids among vegetables are carrots, fruit and salad-spinach
vegetables. Carrots are a source of carotenes (β- and α-carotene up to 58.4 and 40.4 %, respective-
ly) with the maximum amount in orange carrots. Among fruit vegetables, tomatoes are a source of
lycopene (86 %), pumpkin – beta-carotene (50–80 %), sweet and spicy red peppers – capsanthin
(70 %) and capsorubin (10 %), orange peppers – zeaxanthin (85 %). Genetic engineering methods
have been used to create varieties of tomatoes containing lycopene
mainly in the trans-form
(96 %), as well as with an increased content of zeaxanthin (50 %). Among salad-spinach vegeta-
bles, carotenoids predominate in spinach, arugula and watercress,
mainly in the form of
xanthophylls. Most fruits and berries are dominated by beta-carotene, regardless of their color,
which can be masked by anthocyanins (hawthorn, rowan, cherry, rosehip, blueberry) or chloro-
phyll (green apples). The largest amount of carotenoids is contained in sea buckthorn, rosehip, and
cloudberry. They can serve as a source of β-carotene, as well as lycopene (sea buckthorn, rosehip),
rubiksanthin (rosehips).
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