Литература
1 Fantini, A. E. (2006). Exploring and assessing intercultural competence. Retrieved May1, 2007,fromhttp://www.sit.edu/
publications/docs/feil_research_report.pdf
2 Ruben, B. D. (1976). Assessing communication competency for intercultural adaptation.Group and Organization Studies,
1, 334-354.
3 Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence.Philadelphia, PA: Multilingual Matters.
4 Risager, K. (2007). Language and culture pedagogy: From a national to a transnationalparadigm. Buffalo, NY: Multilingual
Matters, 227.
5 Deardorff, D.K. (2006), The Identification and Assessment of Intercultural Competence as a StudentOutcome of
Internationalization at Institutions of Higher Education in the United States, Journal of Studies inInternational Education 10:241-
266.
6 Радугин А. А. Культурология : учебное пособие / сост. А. А. Радугин; под ред. А. А.Радугина. – М.: Библионика,
2005. – 303 с. – (Almamater).
7 Deardorff, D.K. (2011). Intercultural Competence in Foreign Language Classrooms: A Framework andImplications
for Educators. In Witte & Harden’s InterculturalCompetence: Concepts, Challenges, Evaluations, ISFLL Vol. 10 (Peter Lang
International Academic Publishers).
8 Peck C. (2007), “Guidelines for using films to develop intercultural competence”, in I. Lázár et al.(eds) (2007), Developing
and assessing intercultural communica tive competence, ECML/Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg.
9 Byram, M., Gribkova, B., & Starkey, H. (2002). Developing the Intercultural Dimension in LanguageTeaching: A Practical
Introduction for Teachers. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
Л.Н. Гумилев атындағы ЕҰУ Хабаршысы
162
References
1 Fantini, A. E. (2006). Exploring and assessing intercultural competence. Retrieved May1, 2007,fromhttp://www.sit.edu/
publications/docs/feil_research_report.pdf
2 Ruben, B. D. (1976). Assessing communication competency for intercultural adaptation.Group and Organization Studies,
1, 334-354.
3 Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence. Philadelphia, PA: Multilingual Matters.
4 Risager, K. (2007). Language and culture pedagogy: From a national to a transnationalparadigm. Buffalo, NY: Multilingual
Matters, 227.
5 Deardorff, D. K. (2006), The Identification and Assessment of Intercultural Competence as a StudentOutcome of
Internationalization at Institutions of Higher Education in the United States, Journal of Studies inInternational Education 10:241-
266.
6 Radugin A. A. Kulturologija : uchebnoe posobie / sost. A. A. Radugin; pod red. A. A.Radugina. – M.: Biblionika, 2005. – 303
s. – (Almamater).
7 Deardorff, D.K. (2011). Intercultural Competence in Foreign Language Classrooms: A Framework andImplications
for Educators. In Witte & Harden’s InterculturalCompetence: Concepts, Challenges, Evaluations, ISFLL Vol. 10 (Peter Lang
International Academic Publishers).
8 Peck C. (2007), “Guidelines for using films to develop intercultural competence”, in I. Lázár et al.(eds) (2007), Developing
and assessing intercultural communica tive competence, ECML/Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg.
9 Byram, M., Gribkova, B., & Starkey, H. (2002). Developing the Intercultural Dimension in LanguageTeaching: A Practical
Introduction for Teachers. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
Аталмыш мақалада мәдениетаралық құзыр және оның түрлі қалыптары қарастырылған. Қалыптың көпшілігі
үш негізгі компоненттен тұрады: білім, дағды, қатынастар. Мәдениетаралық құзыр әлеуметтік және мәдени
аспектілерден тұрады. Тілді білу екі жаққа да маңызды бөлік болып сақталады және ол лексиканың ерекшеліктері,
жанасушылық сонымен қатар коммуникацияның дағдыларын қамтиды.
Түйін сөздер: мәдениетаралық құзыр, мәдениетаралық қалыптың құзыры, мәдениетаралық құзырдың компоненті.
This article discusses and summarizes the literature on intercultural competence, and various models of intercultural
competence. Most models consist of three main components: knowledge, skills and attitude. Intercultural competence includes
both social and cultural aspect. Knowledge of languages is an important part of both sides and covers the features of vocabulary,
communication skills, etc.
Key words: intercultural competence, models of intercultural competence, components of intercultural competence.
Поступила в редакцию 12.02.2016.
UDK 81’243:303.446.23
А.М. ЕСЕНГАЛИЕВА, А.А. КАИРДЕНОВА
Евразийский национальный университет имени Л. Н. Гумилева, Астана
THE USE OF MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AT ENGLISH LESSONS
Inthepresentedscientificarticleeffectivemethodsofusingmultimediatools at English lessons are described. With the help of
results of the study effective range of multimedia tools for use in foreign language lessons was designated. Particular attention is
paid to methods of use of computer and information technologies on English lessons .
Key words: multimedia tools, information technology, ICT, Internet, projector.
Introduction
Recently the question of application of new information technologies in high school has been raising increasingly.
It is not about only new facilities, but also new forms and methods of teaching, new approach to learning. The main
objective of foreign language teaching is the formation and development of the communicative culture of pupils,
learning practical mastery of a foreign language.
The use of multimedia teaching tools in foreign language lessons and in extracurricular activities increases
cognitive activity and motivation of students, allows implementing student-centered approach to learning, provides
an intensification of the process of learning and self-studying activities.
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The state educational standard of secondary education in a foreign language (FL) provides as a goal of teaching
mastering foreign language communication at least an elementary level of competence in speaking, listening, writing,
and advanced communicative competence in reading [1]. In the educational process the formation and development
of foreign language skills is carried out in relation to all kinds of speech activity. Students should acquire productive
skills and abilities, the ability to vary and combine the study of linguistic material in a speech at solving specific
problems of communication in standard situations of communication.
The level of formation of the communicative competence in speaking depends on the quality of mastering its
lexical and grammatical parties, but rather a variety of activities with the language material, leading to the formation
of skills, ranging from the simplest to generate strong and complex creative automatisms abilities.
One way to improve the level of productive foreign-language speech is to use the information technology at
foreign language lessons [2].
Multimedia tools are aimed at creating conditions for the formation and development of communicative abilities
and language skills of students. They allow to move from reproductive forms of learning activities to independent,
creative types of work, to focus on the formation of communicative culture of students and to develop skills of
working with different types of information and its sources.
The use of multimedia tools at English lessons
The use of multimedia teaching tools in foreign language lessons and extracurricular activities increases cognitive
activity and motivation of students, provide intensification of the process of teaching and independent activity of
students. The latest multimedia technologies help quickly and effectively mastering the perception of speech, to
deliver the correct pronunciation and speaking runaway train [3].
Interactive programs and games help to create real situations of communication, to remove psychological barriers
and increase the interest in the subject.
What are the most frequently used elements of the ICT in the educational process:
- Electronic textbooks and manuals, displayed via computer and multimedia projector;
- Interactive whiteboards;
- Electronic encyclopedias and reference books;
- Simulators and testing program;
- The educational resources of the Internet;
- DVD and CD discs with pictures and illustrations;
- Video and Audio;
- Interactive maps and atlases;
- Interactive conferences and competitions;
- Materials for distance learning;
- Research works and projects;
- distance learning.
We would like to name the most commonly used ICT in foreign language classes:
Internet resources
The possibilities of using the Internet-resources are huge. The Internet is creating the conditions for obtaining any
necessary information for students and teachers held anywhere in the world: news, regional studies material, foreign
literature, etc.
In foreign language lessons Internet helps to solve a variety of teaching tasks: to generate reading skills, using
materials of the global network; to improve writing skills of students; to replenish the vocabulary of students; to
shape students› sustained motivation for learning English. In addition, the work is focused on the study of Internet
technology options to expand the horizons of schoolchildren, to establish and maintain business relations and contacts
with their peers in English-speaking countries [4].
Use of the projector.
Advantage of projector over traditional visual aids is to ensure the visibility as an important component of teaching
methods.
Projector - a device by which a static image with a transparent film format A4 is transferred to the big screen. The
image on the transparent film serves as a teaching tool and can be prepared using a computer, copier or using felt-tip
pen [4].
What are the advantages of the projector unlike traditional visual aids?
1. The sizes of the images may vary depending on the distance from the projector to the screen. Furthermore, the
image is highlighted and perceived easier.
2. Teacher independently sets time of image display, turning on and off the projector. Thus, the image appears on
the screen only when necessary.
Л.Н. Гумилев атындағы ЕҰУ Хабаршысы
164
3. The teacher can easily change the slides, so the number of images to the feed material can be quite large. This
helps to maximize consistency between the stories of the lecturer and graphic image.
4. Demonstration of individual phases of development of dynamic processes allows the teacher to use it to invent
intermediate steps, etc. based on the student›s imagination.
5. Slides do not occupy a lot of space for storage, and does not fade over time - they can be used indefinitely.
Computer lecture
Computer lecture developed Power Point resources – is a thematically and logically connected sequence of data
objects, demonstrated on the screen or monitor. During the lecture, various data objects: images (slides), audio and
video clips are used. The effectiveness of working with slides, pictures and other demonstration materials will be
much higher if they will be complemented by displaying diagrams, tables.
After these lessons studied material remains at pupils’ memory as a vivid image of the teacher and helps to
stimulate cognitive activity of the student.
The most common classes are combined type, where there is also a survey of homework and explaining new
material. Power Point program presentations development allows to prepare materials for the lesson, combining the
various tools of visibility, leveraging the dignity of each and offsetting disadvantages [5].
These types of lessons are most often carried out with the use of Power Point program presentations:
1) lectures, which main goal is not to illustrate, but give visually complex material in a convenient form to write
for students;
2) lessons-illustrations on topics where there is a need for striking visual images;
3) lessons-visual aids helping students as the samples to create their own similar work.
Also it should be noted that using slide-films, interactive models, a differentiated, individual approach in work
with students who possess varying degrees of development of educational material can be carried out.
At the end of the studying of each topic we suggest the students to do a project using multimedia presentations in
Microsoft Power Point program.
This form of using information technology in the classroom of English allows the differentiation of learning
abilities of students based on their level of teaching, aptitudes, and allows each of them to complete tasks at a
comfortable pace for him. Children learn to compress the information, presented in the form of finished pieces.
Multimedia tools are very interesting to students, and they prefer this type of work other traditional activities [6].
An inexhaustible source of information and material, as we said, is the Internet. From a didactic point of view,
the advantage of Internet over traditional teaching tools is primarily to the availability and relevance of authentic
materials.
The simplest use of the Internet - is to use it as a source of additional materials for teachers in preparation for
lessons. Its and other computer technologies role is especially clearly seen in project methodology. In the course
of working on projects, students apply and expand their language skills, receive extensive regional geographic
information, thus obtaining additional socio-cultural knowledge.
For example, when studying the topic «World of Animals», «Pets», «Exotic animals» students were asked to write
a short description - description of the animal, and students expressed their desire to prepare homework in the form
of a multimedia presentation.
Conclusion
Application of modern technologies in education creates favorable conditions for the formation of the personality
of students and meets the needs of modern society.
Using the information resources of the Internet, it is possible, integrating them into the educational process, more
effectively solve a number of didactic problems in at English lessons:
a) to develop reading skills directly using network materials of varying difficulty;
b) to improve listening skills, based on authentic audio texts on the Internet, also suitably prepared by teachers;
c) to improve monologue and dialogue statements skills on the basis of the discussion of the problem presented
by a teacher or someone from the students, the network materials;
d) to improve the writing skills, individually or composing replies to partners, participating in the preparation of
abstracts, compositions, and other products of team-working activities.
A combination of different types of work in the classroom with the use of information technology can solve the
problem of student motivation. In the case of presence of new hardware, it is easier to implement student-centered
approach to teaching students of different levels.
Using multimedia presentations allows management of students’ attention at the expense of animation effects;
strengthening the motivation of the education; systematization of the studied material; the formation of a multimedia
computer competence of both teacher and a student.
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165
References
1 №1080 Confirmed by Kazakhstan’s Government Resolution from 23rd of August 2012
2 Ispol›zovanie IKT naurokahanglijskogojazyka. Stat›jafestivaljapedagogicheskiidej «Otkrytyjurok»;
3 Selevko G.K. «Sovremennyeobrazovatel›nyetehnologii»
4 Ju.E. Vaulina, Dzh.Duli, O.E. Podoljako, V. Jevans Moskva, «Prosveshhenie», 2010
5 Nauchno-metodicheskijzhurnal «Inostrannyejazyki v shkole» №5, 2006; №8, 2007;
6 Ivanova N.V. “Jeffektivnoeispol›zovanienovyhinformacionnyhtehnologij v prepodavaniianglijskogojazyka v srednejshkole”.
Есенгалиева Анна Михайловна, Каирденова Айгерим Арыстанбековна. Ағылшын тілі сабақтарында
мультимедий әдістерінің қолданылуы. Л.Н. Гумилев атындағы ЕҰУ, Астана.
Ұсынылған ғылыми мақалада мультимедия әдістерін ағылшын тілі сабақтарында тиімді пайдаланудың жолдары
бейнеленген. Зерттеу нәтижелерінің көмегімен мультимедия әдістерінің ағылшын тілі сабақтарында қолданылуы үшін
ұтымды кешені айқындалды. Компьютер және ақпараттық технологияның әдіс-тәсілдерін ағылшын тілі сабақтарында
игеруге айрықша көңіл бөлінеді.
Есенгалиева Анна Михайловна, Каирденова Айгерим Арыстанбековна. Использование мультимедийных
средств на уроках английского языка. ЕНУ им. Л.Н. Гумилева, Астана.
В представленной научной статье описываются эффективные методы использования мультимедийных средств на
уроках английского язык. С помощью результатов исследования был обозначен комплекс действенных мультимедийных
средств для использования на уроках иностранного языка. Особое внимание уделяется способам использования
компьютерных и информационных технологий на уроках английского языка.
Accepted for publication 10.03.2016.
UDK 81’243:303.446.23
А.М. YESENGAIEVA, ZH.T. ISSANKULOVA
LINGUISTIC PECULIARITIES OF NEWSPAPER TEXTS IN ENGLISH
Newspaper articles acquire significance at the present time in society. The insufficient knowledge of the linguistic means
influences on the understanding of the publication’s main idea. This paper therefore is devoted to the place of newspaper
headlines and headings in the general system of newspaper style. Also, this paper considers the identifying linguistic features of
the newspaper language.
Key words: linguistics, headline, newspaper, article, journalist, research.
Introduction
Newspaper text is the interpretation of fragments of the social life. The modern newspaper text does not show
changes in socio-political and socio economic-life, it shows the results of linguistic research and changes in language.
Newspaper style appeared in the English literary language in the middle of XIX century. Considering the peculiarities
of the newspaper language in XIX and XX centuries in the British newspaper we have two different styles:
• newspaper style (reports, headlines and ads that make up newspaper style)
• journalistic style (newspaper articles)
Newspaper articles give impressive picture of using language. Newspaper language attracts interests of
philologists and requires constant and careful research. Newspaper text is characterized by hidden assessment. For
this reason, recipients have their own relevant axiological mark. Social assessment of the recipient may include
various components from the event to the specific circumstances (time, location, condition, cause, result).
The structure of the newspaper articles
The main features of newspaper and journalistic speech are bright evaluation, soft standardization and
comprehensibility of information. Purpose of the journalist is to inform readers about the socially significant facts.
Also, journalists form an estimate for reported material. Newspaper genres are diverse in using informative and
assessment tools, but informatory content and assessment are typical for all types of newspapers and materials of
mass communication.
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166
Journalistic speech influences on people and their awareness through the mass media (newspapers, magazines,
television, billboards, leaflets).It is characterized by social and political vocabulary, logic, emotionality, evaluating
and inviting. Journalistic speech widely use high, solemn vocabulary or phraseology, emotive words, short sentences,
chopped prose, rhetorical questions, exclamations, repetitions and others .
According to the Doctor of Philology and professor Volodina M. N., it is possible to call these language features
of newspaper texts: [1,479]
1. High extent of standardization of used means: big percent of set and cliched expressions, various journalistic
stamps, lexico - metaphors, standard terms and names, etc.
2. Expressivity of language as way of drawing attention of the reader, expression of the relation to the transmitted
data, arrangements of estimated accents, etc.; existence of estimated epithets; direct addresses to the reader (features
characterize author’s, subscription materials);
3. Saturation the most various realities (public, political and cultural life), hints and quotes (are characteristic for
«anonymous» materials and for author’s);
4. Use of the colloquial, lowered, slang and offensive language is used for the purpose of expression of a certain
relation of the author, creation of a certain image and stylistic effect and for shocking of audience or attraction of a
certain category of readers);
5. Wide use of figurative phraseology and idiomatic lexicon, including the «deformed» idioms, word-plays, puns,
proverbs and sayings characterizes both subscription, and «anonymous» journalism;
6. Wide use of hyperboles, litotes, figurative comparisons, metaphors, metonymies, allegories, euphemisms, etc.
(characterizes author’s materials, comments, articles and notes on various subjects, etc.);
7. Special line of written texts of mass media - the newspaper and journal headings constructed on a word-play,
on puns, quotes, hints and the deformed idioms.
Editorial articles and informative texts are mostly considered in the system of newspaper genres. Newspaper
brings together articles differ in genre and stylistic features. However, general system of extra-linguistic factors of the
media language suggests the existence of a single newspaper style.
V.G. Kostomarov allocates dialectical union of its leading signs of expression and standard. There are two major
functions of the newspaper: informational function and interactive function. These functions inform, persuade and
influence. The study of newspaper language means shows a clear demarcation of informational and editorial articles
for the implementation two functions [2,551].
Informational articles are characterized by scientific business style and possess documentary features. Informational
materials consist of articles in which the presence of the author’s «I» is minimized. For example, materials about
internal and external events of political life, short data messages, communiques.
Editorial articles are characterized by open evaluation and have a bright agitprop character. In editorial articles
the subjective assessment of factors has a decisive influence on the use of language means. It realizes communicative
task of persuasion and critical conceptualization of current events. Author’s aspiration is to influence on the political
and ideological thinking of general readers.
There are different methods of designing material according to stylistic and genre features: information,
commentary, interviews, correspondence.
Informational genre (note, report, interviews) consider the individual facts and phenomena. This genre is given
the largest space of newspaper. Informational genre publishes the latest news and sensational facts. Sensation - the
most quickselling goods in the mass press. It increases circulations of newspapers and make a profit. Due to reporter’s
effort each issue of newspaper full of unusual and fascinating news. News about accidents, murders, fires and floods.
If there is nothing important, sensations should be invented by using rumors etc.
News genre plays significant role in the mass media. News occupy more than a half of newspaper (apart from
advertizing). The society news, scandal news, political news, economic news, sports messages can be observed in
this genre. The abundance of news leads to readers view only headings or best reading first paragraphs typed by a
large print.
Headlines attract the greatest number of readers. In other words, headlines provide normal functioning of the
newspaper. Therefore, the British headlines sometimes printed in a large type that occupies most part of the strip.
The tendency to attract attention on the published material at any cost and at the same time shows the content in
summary. Headlines in British and American newspapers are usually multistage. They consist of a «cap» (actually
the headline, sometimes the banner headline) wholly or partly printed in a very large type and subtitle from several
lines in a smaller type. «Cap» is recognized to allocate the brightest idea of the article. Sometimes separate most
impressive phrase from the article. In the British and American Communist newspaper «cap» is a slogan, in the
bourgeois newspaper “cap” is an advertisement. It makes readers read the material. Therefore, in most cases it is not
fully disclose the content of the article. Subtitle of the newspaper consist of several lines and give a brief retelling of
the article. For instance, headline in newspaper “Daily worker”:
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167
PARIS PROTEST MARCH STAGED BY STUDENTS
It does not give a clear idea about the content of the article. The real idea of the article is clear only from the
subtitle:
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM’S RESTRICTIONS PROTESTED
Headline is an independent speech unit. It consists of various stylistic devices. With the passing of time clear
formulated headlines were in tendency. There is a simplification of the syntax and underlying. For example, complex
syntax used in the early XIX -XX centuries, the current headline is characterized by simple, uncirculated sentences.
Mainly use nominal phrases of different types.
V.G. Kostomarov excreted the basic features of the newspaper language: the tendency of standards and expressivity.
For the realization this trend ample opportunities give such figures of speech as deviations from the neutral mode of
presentation with the purpose of emotional and aesthetic impact [2, 485].
Today, the trend is to overcome the former rigid predetermination, standardization of the lexical composition,
avoiding the use of traditional formulaic. For years formulaic helped to standardize reader’s consciousness. In today’s
newspaper such traditional means have the effect of rejection from material. The modem newspaper is gradually
released from the domination of formulaic. We can find all figures of speech in newspaper, but there are four groups
that dominate in newspaper: different types of question, repetitions, applications and structural-graphic allocation.
Lexical and stylistic possibilities of headlines have become unlimited. Many scientists explored that there are
significant increase in irony, language games and the influence of «speech mode» in today’s headlines. In the basis
of the language game placed various linguistic phenomena: Using homonyms and paronyms, playing with names,
allusions, quotations, paradoxes; the effect of «deceived expectations» sound instrumentation - alliteration, intentional
mistake in the rules of grammar.
There are four types of headlines:
1) the headlines for understanding the result
2) Headlines comprehensible after reading the article
3) Headlines with a false concept
4) Headlines with precedent text. In these cases precedent texts lose their connotation.
Modem newspaper speech includes interaction of book and colloquial variants of the literary language. Colloquial
constructions and slang are used to create emotionally expressive color, imagery, clarity and validity. Indeed, often
headlines are written in such a way that their sound was like the sound of spoken conversational speech. Journalists
often use most running widespread household vocabulary and conversational expressions in titles. The headlines are
based on the general vocabulary and simple grammatical means to ensure maximum clarity.
Newspaper headings. Specific creation of English newspaper headings serves various purposes: they have to force
the reader to interests a note and provide information compression.
Italy’s radio, TV workers on strike
Apollo trail-blazers back relaxed and joking
Back to work - to kill the bill
Ugly noises from Los Angeles mayor’s nest
Convict entenced to life for coffin girl kidnap
In the first example the title briefly retells information matter. The brevity - verb omission, the use of an alphabetic
abbreviation is specific only. Any preliminary knowledge of situations from the reader it isn’t required.
In the second example, on the contrary, the reader unconditionally a sign with a situation, he expects news about
details of return of the American astronauts, the playful epithet is rich with connotations, here and recognition of
greatness perfect, and known familiarity in relation to astronauts; the personal form again is absent under compression
laws; and at last, the last words promise the reader that the note contains any data received from eyewitnesses.
The third heading is well remembered thanks to rhyming and an accurate rhythm, and it is important, as article
under it - propaganda. She calls for fight against the bill limiting the right of strikes.
The fourth gives very vague idea of what subject of article, but focuses the reader that is the relations to the
described facts, their estimates and uses a word-play: mayor’s nest is homonymous mare’s nest - to expression which
the ridiculous invention means, and it is a question of frauds on elections, and one of candidates - the mayor Los
Angeles. The attention is drawn by a satirical orientation of the title, the reader is interested and will want to read a
note.
The last title is designed for fans of sensational incidents. The main point is squeezed in one offer and transferred
precisely, but quite mysteriously and forces to read a note with the story how the criminal running from prison
kidnapped the daughter of the millionaire with the purpose to receive for it repayment and hid it in any wooden box,
the girl rescued, and the criminal condemned. Use of the attributive chain which sense is clear only after note reading
is very characteristic.
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168
Conclusion
Thus, in the article the linguo-stylistic peculiarities of newspaper headlines and headings are investigated.
The usage of different means and devices on phonetic, morphological, lexical and syntactical make the newspaper
style individual:
1. Phonetic peculiarities are alliteration, repetition of the sound and rhyme;
2. Morphological peculiarities are the degrees of comparison of adjectives, different categories of pronouns, the
possessive case and abbreviation;
3. Lexico-stylistic peculiarities are homonyms and paronyms, allusions, quotations, paradoxes polysemantic
words, phraseological units;
4. syntactical peculiarities are simple sentences and rhetorical questions;
Newspaper is the reflection of the modem language. Language of the newspaper is constantly developing system.
It demands regular creative tension from journalists. The aim of the newspaper text is to attract the audience’s attention
to the product and persuade to buy it. Selection of language means on a
newspaper strip calculated on mass and neutral reader’s audience according to linguistic relation.
At the end of the 20th century Internet took considerable part of advertisements. Newspapers are experiencing a
certain crisis. Tabloid format allows save paper. Also, short and emotional articles attract a large number of young
dynamic readers. Nevertheless, tabloid format is not a panacea for modem newspapers. It doesn’t give expected
economic effect. Today the majority of newspapers are searching new forms to attract reader’s attention.
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